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2019 - AWS CSAA - MINE > Database on AWS > Flashcards

Database on AWS Flashcards

1
Q

What RDS Databases are available?

A

SQL

MySQL

PostgesSQL

Oracle

Aurora

MariaDB

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2
Q

What is the best DB option for online analytics

A

Red Shift

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3
Q

You need an RDS database, but do not want to manage the OS. What can you use?

A

Any RDS, it runs on VMs but you cannot RDP or SSH to them

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4
Q

Is RDS serverless?

A

No, except for aurora

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5
Q

What are the RDS backup options?

A

Automated

Manual Snapshots

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6
Q

You need to improve your RDS DB performance. What can you do?

A

Use read replicas

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of read replicas?

A

Increases performance

Must have backups turned on

Can be multi-az

Can be in different regions

Can be aurora or MySQL

Can promote RR to master

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8
Q

You promoted a read replica to master, what will break?

A

replication

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9
Q

Why would you use multi-az RR?

A

DR

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10
Q

How can you force a multi-az failover?

A

Reboot one of the instances

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11
Q

What RDS DB’s provide encryption?

A

MySQL

Oracle

SQL Server

Postgres

MariaDB

Aurora

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12
Q

What encryption service does RDS use?

A

AWS Key mgmt Service (KMS)

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of DynamoDB?

A

SSD

Spread across thre geographically distinct data centers

Eventual consistent reads (default)

Strongly consistent reads (available for higher cost)

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14
Q

What is the use case for red shift?

A

OLAP Data Warehouse for Business Intelligence

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15
Q

Is multi-az available for red shift?

A

No

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16
Q

What is the maximum retention for red shift backups?

A

35 days

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17
Q

How many copies does red shift maintain of your data?

A

three. Original and replica on compute and an S3 backup

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18
Q

What DR options are available for red shift?

A

asynchronously replicate snapshots to S3 in another region

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19
Q

How many copies of your data are maintained in Aurora?

A

6 copies. 2 copies in each AZ with a minimum of 3 az’s

20
Q

What is the use case for RDS?

A

Online transaction processing

21
Q

What are the types of elasticache?

A

memcached

redis

22
Q

You need data written to a dynamo DB read back within seconds. What option do you choose

A

Enable strongly consistent reads

23
Q

What is elasticache?

A

A cloud-based in-memory cache used by app/web servers to improve database performance for frequently used database calls.

24
Q

Describe redis

A

key/value store

master slave architecture

multi az

25
Q

Describe memcached

A

Simple, widely adopted, in-memory key/value store for small chunks of arbitrary data from the results of database calls, API calls, or page rendering.

26
Q

What database service categories are available on AWS?

A

RDS - (OnLine Transaction Processing, standard Relational Databases)

DynamoDB (NoSQL)

RedShift (OnLine Analytics Processing, Business Intelligence)

Elasticache (in memory caching)

Database Migration Service

27
Q

What OLTP databases are available in RDS?

A

MS SQL Server

MySQL

PostgreSQL

Oracle

MariaDB

Aurora

28
Q

How does Automated Backups work?

A

Automated Backups allow you to recover your DB to any point in time within a “retention period”. Retention Period can be between 1 and 35 days. Automated Backups will take a full daily snapshot and will also store the transaction logs throughout the day.

29
Q

What is Multi-AZ RDS?

A

Multi-AZ allows to have an exact copy of your production database in another AZ. In the event of planned DB maintenance, BD instance failure, or an Availability Zone failure, Amazon RDS will automatically failover to the standby.

30
Q

What is the use case for Multi-AZ RDS

A

Multi-AZ is for disaster recovery. It is not used for improving performance. For performance improvement, Read Replicas are needed.

31
Q

Can Multi-AZ be used to performance improvement?

A

No. Multi-AZ is for disaster recovery. It is not used for improving performance. For performance improvement, Read Replicas are needed.

32
Q

What options do you have to improve DB performance

A

Read replicas and elasticache

33
Q

What are the maximum number of read replicas?

A

5

34
Q

How do read replicas improve performance?

A

App/web servers can be confiured to use the relica copies to spread out the load

35
Q

What is the DB service that provides OLAP?

A

Red shift

36
Q

What is the cost of RDS backups?

A

nothing. stored in S3

37
Q

Characteristics of RDS snapshots?

A

Manual

retained after RDS instance is deleted

38
Q

When an RDS instance is restored will the end point be the same

A

No

39
Q

In RDS multi-az you lose the primary. What happens

A

Endpoint auto fails over by re-pointing the DNS alias to a healthy copy.

40
Q

What DBs provide multi-az?

A

MySQL

Postgres

MariaDB

Aurora

41
Q

What DBs provide read replicas??

A

Aurora

MySQL

42
Q

What are the two types of redshift configurations?

A

single node

multi node

43
Q

What are the max number of compute nodes in a redshift multi node config?

A

128

44
Q

Describe red shift security characteristics?

A

To keep data secure in transit, Amazon Redshift supports SSL-enabled connections between your client application and your Redshift data warehouse cluster.

To keep your data secure at rest, Amazon Redshift encrypts each block using hardware-accelerated AES-256 as it is written to disk. The blocks are backed up as is, which means that backups are encrypted as well.

By default, Amazon Redshift takes care of key management but you can choose to manage your keys using your own hardware security modules (HSMs) or manage your keys through AWS Key Management Service.

45
Q

What are the max number of aurora replicas?

A

15

46
Q

Aurora scaling characteristics?

A

10 GB to 64TB up to 32 vCPUs and 244 GB or mem

2 copies of DB in each AZ w/ min of 3 AZs

Transparently handle loss of up to two copies

Self healing

47
Q

Max # of read-replicas on their DBs?

A

Aurora Replicas 15

MySQL replicas 5

2019 - AWS CSAA - MINE (9 decks)

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