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Database Design > Database Design: Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Database Design: Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Databases evolved from what?

A

Computer file systems

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2
Q

Data are

A

Raw facts

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3
Q

Information is the result of

A

Processing raw data to reveal the meaning

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4
Q

What is Data processing

A

Organizing data to reveal patterns or as complex as making forecasts or drawing influences using statistical modelling.

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5
Q

What are Databases and what do they store?

A

Shared, integrated computer structure that store a collection of : End user data (interest to end users) and Metadata(data about data)

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6
Q

What is DBMS

A

A database Management system is a collection of programs. That manages the structure and controls access to data.

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7
Q

How many advantages of DBMS are there?

A

There are 7.
1. Improved data sharing
2. Improved data security
3. Better data integration
4. Minimized data inconsistency
5. improved data access
6. Improved decision making
7. Increased end-user productivity

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8
Q

A database can be classified according to :

A
  1. Number of users
  2. Database locations
  3. Expected type and extent of use
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9
Q

What is a single-user database and provide an example?

A

Database that supports only one user at a time. Ex: Desktop database

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10
Q

What is a Multiuser database and provide an example.

A

Database that supports multiple users at the same time. Ex; Workgroup and enterprise databases

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11
Q

What is a Centralized database and provide an example

A

Data located at a single site

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12
Q

What is a Distributed database and provide an example

A

Data distributed across several different sites. ex; Social Media

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13
Q

What is an operational database and provide an example

A

supports a company day to day operations. Insert data and quick. Ex: Transactional or production databases like grocery stores

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14
Q

What is a data warehouse and provide an example

A

Stores data used for tactical or strategic decisions.(take). Ask more complex questions.

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15
Q

What is unstructured data and provide an example?

A

Data that exist in their original state. (Voicemail)

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16
Q

What is structured data and provide an example.

A

Data resulted from formatting. Structured applied based on the type of processing to be performed. Ex; student record

17
Q

What is semistructured data and provide an example?

A

Data that have been processed to some extent

18
Q

What is Extensible markup language (XML).

A

Represent data elements in textual format. XML database support semistructured XML data. (exchange data)

19
Q

Well designed database does

A
  1. Facilitates data management
  2. Generates accurate and valuable information
20
Q

What are Data processing (DP) specialist

A

Convert computerfile strucutre from manual system.
-Wrote software that managed the data
- Designed the application programs

21
Q

What is a manual system

A
  • Served as a data repository fro small data
  • Cumbersome for large collections
22
Q

Structural dependence:

A

Access to a file is dependent on its own structure
– All file system programs must be modified to
conform to a new file structure

23
Q

Structural independence:

A

Change file structure without affecting data access

24
Q

Data dependence:

A

Data access changes when data storage characteristics change

25
Q

Data independence:

A

Data storage characteristics do not affect data access

26
Q

What is data redundancy

A

Same data stored unnecessarily in different places

27
Q

What is data inconsistency

A

different and conflicting versions of same data occur at different places

28
Q

What are data anomalies

A

abnormalities when all changes in redundant data are not made correctly.
- Update anomalies
- Insertion “””
- Deletion “”””

29
Q

What are the five major parts of a database system

A
  • Hardware
  • People
  • Software
  • Procedures
  • Data
30
Q

What is the type of software required for a database system

A

Operating system software
DBMS software
Application programs and utility software

31
Q

What are the steps for a data dictionary management?

A

DBMS stores definitions of data elements and
relationships (metadata) in a data dictionary
– DBMS looks up the required data component
structures and relationships
– Changes automatically recorded in the
dictionary
– DBMS provides data abstraction and removes
structural and data dependency

Database Design (1 decks)

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