Database Design and Development

Question 1

What is a database?

Answer 1

A database is a structured collection of similar information that can be accessed easily

Question 2

What is a flat file database?

Answer 2

A flat file database is a database that contains a single table

Question 3

What is an end user requirement of a database?

Answer 3

An end user requirement of a database system is the task that the user would want to be able to carry out

Question 4

What is a functional requirement of a database?

Answer 4

The functional requirements of a database are the processes that the system has to perform
and the details of the data that the database will store

Question 5

What is the GDPR?

Answer 5

GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is legislation which sets out rules for the protection of personal data

Question 6

What does GDPR allow individuals the right to?

Answer 6

Individuals have the right to:

-Be informed about how their personal data will be used

-See any data held about them
have any inaccurate data held about them updated

-Have information about them deleted once there is no longer a reason for holding it

-Object to being included in direct marketing campaigns

Question 7

what must businesses do according to GDPR?

Answer 7

Businesses must:

-Store all data securely
report any data breach within 72 hours

-Ensure that any data held about an individual is accurate

-Provide access to data held about an individual when requested by the individual

Question 8

What is an entity?

Answer 8

An entity is an object about which a database will store information

An entity can be a person, an object or something abstract

Question 9

What is an attribute?

Answer 9

An attribute is an item of information that relates to particular entity

Example:
-forename
-make
-DOB

Question 10

What is a primary key?

Answer 10

A primary key is a field which uniquely identifies a record in a database

In database design, primary keys are underlined

Question 11

What is a foreign key?

Answer 11

A foreign key is a primary key from one table which is used in a second table to link the tables together

In database design, foreign keys are shown with an asterisk

Question 12

What is attribute size?

Answer 12

The size of an attribute is a measure of how much space the field will take up when stored in main memory or backing storage

The size of a Text attribute is the number of characters which will be stored. If the attribute size is too small, it may result in data being lost

Question 13

What is presence check?

Answer 13

A presence check ensures that data is entered in a field

Use a presence check to ensure important information is entered e.g. name, postcode, DOB

Question 14

What is restricted choice?

Answer 14

Restricted choice limits data entry to a set of acceptable values

Use a restricted choice check to limit data entry

e.g. Restrict car colour choices to: red, white, silver, black, blue and grey
Restrict clothing size options to: S, M, L, XL and XXL
Restrict currency choices to: GBP, USD, CAN, EUR and AUD

Question 15

What is field length validation?

Answer 15

Field length validation limits the number of characters that can be stored in a field

Example:
Fields from a film table might use field length validation as follows:
Film name (25)
Certificate (3)
Genre (15)
Director forename (12)
Director surname (15)

Question 16

What is range validation?

Answer 16

Range check ensures that data falls between two values

Examples
The Ratings field of a FILM table might only allow values in the range 0 to 100
The Temperature field of a WEATHER table might only allow values in the range -20 to 50

Question 17

What is an entity relationship diagram?

Answer 17

An entity relationship diagram (ERD) is a graphical representation of entities in a database, and their relationship to each other

Question 18

SQL Query Formula

Answer 18

SELECT field
FROM table
WHERE criteria
ORDER BY field ASC or DESC;