Database Concepts and Architecture

Question 1

Three DBMS languages?

Answer 1

DDL, DML, DCL

Question 2

Used by the DBA and database designers to specify the description of the database.

Answer 2

Data Definition Language (DDL)

Question 3

Used to control and provide levels of access privileges and authorization to database objects.

Answer 3

Data Control Language (DCL)

Question 4

Used to specify database retrievals and updates (insertion, deletion, and modification of data)

Answer 4

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

Question 5

DBMS Interfaces are ______-______ query language interfaces.

Answer 5

Stand-alone

Question 6

In DBMS interfaces, programmer interfaces are for?

Answer 6

For embedding DML in programming languages.

Question 7

DBMS interfaces are _______-_______ interfaces.

Answer 7

User-friendly

Question 8

DBMS interfaces are ________-________, designed for naive users.

Answer 8

Forms-based

Question 9

DBMS interfaces are _______-________.

Answer 9

Graphics-based

Question 10

DBMS Interfaces uses _________ _________: requests in written English.

Answer 10

Natural language

Question 11

DBMS interfaces also uses _______ as input and output.

Answer 11

Speech

Question 12

DBMS Interfaces has ____________ interfaces e.g., bank tellers using function keys.

Answer 12

Parametric interfaces.

Question 13

Process Data Definition Language (DDL) statements and stores database description in the DBMS catalog.

Answer 13

DDL Compiler

Question 14

Commands used only by the DBA or the DBA staff. These include commands for creating accounts, granting account authorization, changing database description, etc.

Answer 14

Privileged Commands

Question 15

Parses queries, analyzes queries for correctness of operations and names of data elements, and compiles them into an internal form.

Answer 15

Query Compiler

Question 16

Concerned with the arrangement and possible reordering of operations, elimination of redundancies and use of correct algorithms during execution

Answer 16

Query Optimizer

Question 17

Generates executable code and makes calls on the runtime processor.

Answer 17

Query Optimizer

Question 18

Extracts DML commands from an application program.

Answer 18

Precompiler

Question 19

Parses DML statements and translates them into an object code

Answer 19

DML Compiler

Question 20

Parses and compiles host language statements.

Answer 20

Host Language Compiler

Question 21

Canned transactions that is based on the object codes produced by the DML and host language compiler.

Answer 21

Compiled Transaction

Question 22

Executes privileged commands, executable query plans and canned transactions with runtime parameters.

Answer 22

Runtime Database Processor

Question 23

Controls access to the information stored on the disk

Answer 23

Stored Data Manager

Question 25

Combines everything into single system including- DBMS software, hardware, application programs, and user interface processing software.

Answer 25

Centralized DBMS

Question 26

A user machine that provided user interface capabilities and local processing.

Answer 26

Client

Question 27

May be diskless machines or PCs or Workstations with disks with only the client software installed.

Answer 27

Client

Question 28

Connected to the servers via some form of a network

Answer 28

Client

Question 29

Client that is dependent on another machine (e.g., server) to complete a process.

Answer 29

Thin Client

Question 30

Client that can provide functionality independent of the server.

Answer 30

Thick Client.

Question 31

Client can access the ___________ servers as needed.

Answer 31

specialized

Question 32

A system containing both hardware and software that can provide services to the client machines such as file access, printing, archiving or database access.

Answer 32

Server.

Question 33

An architecture where client contains the user interface and application programs. Server contains the DBMS.

Answer 33

Two Tier Client-Server Architecture (1st Approach)

Question 34

An architecture where the DBMS was divided into client and server. Client may handle user interface, application programs, data dictionary functions, DBMS interactions with the compilers, query optimizer, etc.

Answer 34

Two Tier Client-Server Architecture (2nd Approach).

Question 35

An architecture where Server may include software responsible for handling data storage on disks, buffering of disk pages, etc. (also known as data server)

Answer 35

Two Tier Client-Server Architecture (2nd Approach)

Question 36

A DBMS architecture where the client communicates with the application server usually through a form's interface.

Answer 36

Three Tier Client-Server Architecture

Question 37

A DBMS architecture where the application server stores the business rules (procedures) that are used to access data from the database.

Answer 37

Three Tier Client-Server Architecture

Question 38

An architecture where the database server will provide the data.

Answer 38

Three Tier Client-Server Architecture

Question 39

A DBMS architecture where the database server is only accessible via middle tier and clients cannot directly access database server.

Answer 39

Three Tier Client Server Architecture.

Question 40

The description of a database. Includes descriptions of the database structure, data types, and the constraints on the database.

Answer 40

Database Schema

Question 41

An illustrative display of (most aspects of) a database schema.

Answer 41

Schema Diagram

Question 42

A component of the schema or an object within the schema.

Answer 42

Schema Construct

Question 43

The actual data stored in a database at a particular moment in time.

Answer 43

Database state

Question 44

Also called the database instance that includes the collection of all the data in the database.

Answer 44

Database State

Question 45

Refers to the database state after defining a new database.

Answer 45

Empty State

Question 46

Refers to the database state when the database is first populated or loaded with initial data.

Answer 46

Initial state

Question 47

A state that satisfies the structure and constraints of the database at any point in time.

Answer 47

Valid State

Question 48

The database scheme changes very _________ while the database state changes ___________ the database is updated.

Answer 48

Infrequently, everytime

Question 49

Schema is also called ___________ while State is also called ___________.

Answer 49

Intension, extension.

Question 50

A collection of concepts used to describe the structure of a database and the operations for manipulating these structures.

Answer 50

Data Model

Question 51

Structure of a database includes ___________, ____________, and ____________.

Answer 51

Datatypes, relationships, and constraints.

Question 52

Database Constraints specify some restrictions on ________ data.

Answer 52

Valid

Question 52

Data model that provide concepts that are close to the way many users perceive data.

Answer 52

Conceptual (high-level, semantic) data model.

Question 53

Also called entity-based or object-based data models.

Answer 53

Conceptual data model.

Question 54

Provide concepts that describe details of how data is stored in the computer.

Answer 54

Physical (low-level, internal) data models.

Question 55

Generally meant for computer specialists and not for typical end-users.

Answer 55

Physical (low-level, internal) data models.

Question 55

Provide concepts that fall between the above two, used by many commercial DBMS implementations (e.g., relational data models used in many commercial systems)

Answer 55

Implementation (representational) data models.