Data Types - String Flashcards
An easy method to change a string to all capitals
“Hello”.upper()
(= “HELLO”)
An easy method to change a string to all lower case
“Hello”.lower()
(= “hello”)
An easy method to capitalize the first character of each word in a string
“hello world”.title()
(= “Hello World”)
Join the below 2 strings into a sentence using String Concatenation,
“Hello”
“World”
“Hello” + “ “ + “World”
Join the below 2 strings into a sentence using f-strings,
“Hello”
name = “Richard”
f”Hello {name}”
Give 2 efficient methods of finding the starting index number of the sub-string “love” in “I love Python”
“I love Python”.index(“love”)
&
“I love Python”.find(“love”)
For finding the starting index number of a sub-string in a string, what is the difference between the following 2 methods,
.find()
.index()
.index() - returns an error
&
.find() - returns -1
A method to find how many times “a” appears in “apples and pears”
“apples and pears”.count(“a”)
Write a single-line truthy/falsy script that will check if the sub-string “love” is within the string “I love Python”, and if so, evaluate as True
“love” in “I love Python”
Write a single-line truthy/falsy script that will check if the sub-string “love” is within the string “I love Python”, and if so, evaluate as False
“love” not in “I love Python”
or
not “love” in “I love Python”
A method to replace “hate” with “love” in the string below”
“I hate Python”
“I hate python”.replace(“hate”, “love”)
A method that changes;
“apple,banana,orange”
to
[“apple”, “banana”, “orange”]
“apple,banana,orange”.split(“,”)
A method that changes;
[“2024”, “12”, “31”]
to
“2024-12-31”
”-“.join([“2024”, “12”, “31”])
A method that changes;
“ABC”
to
“A/B/C”
”/”.join(“ABC”)
A method that changes
“ hello world ! “
to
“hello world !”
” hello world ! “.strip()
(removes whitespace from the beginning and the end of a string - but not from the middle)
A method that changes
“ hello world ! “
to
“hello world ! “
” hello world ! “.lstrip()
(removes whitespace from the left of a string - but not from the right or the middle)
A method that changes
“ hello world ! “
to
“ hello world !”
” hello world ! “.rstrip()
(removes whitespace from the right of a string - but not from the left or the middle)
Print “Pyt” from “Python”
print(“Python”[ :3])
Print “tho” from “Python”
print(“Python”[2:5])
Print “hon” from “Python”
Give two methods of slicing
1)
print(“Python”[3: ])
2)
print(“Python”[-3: ])
In solution 1, the “:” is very important! Without it, the result would be “h” !!
Print “Pto” from “Python”
print(“Python”[ : :2])
Print “yhn” from “Python”
print(“Python”[1: :2])
Print “nhy” from “Python”
print(“Python”[ : :-2])
or
print(“Python”[-1: :-2])
Print “otP” from “Python”
print(“Python”[-2: :-2])
What’s the difference between the below,
print(“Python”[ : :-2])
vs
print(“Python”[-1: :-2])
Nothing - they give the same result
print(“*” * 3)
What will the terminal output be
Terminal output = ***
a = ‘1 2 3’
a.split()
print(a)
What will the above print and why
It will print,
1 2 3
(I.e., unaltered), rather than,
[‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’]
.split() always returns a NEW list — it does not modify the original string “in place”.
To use the result, it should be assigned to a variable like this:
a = a.split()
1) .split() is a method that only operates on strings. Remember, Strings are immutable, so they can never be modified “in place”.
var = “abc”.split(“”)
What will the above return
Why
ValueError
Although .split() requires a string as a separator, it must be a non-empty string that says where to split the string into a list
Turn
“abc”
into
[“a”, “b”, “c”]
list(“abc”)
Turn
“16 1 246 7”
into
[“16”, “1”, “246”, “7”]
var = “16 1 246 7”.split( )
An empty .split() splits by whitespace - same as .split(“ “)
Note that, since a string is immutable, the result should be stored in a variable to work
Turn
“a,b,c”
into
[“a”, “b”, “c”]
var = “a,b,c”.split(“,”)
An empty .split() splits by whitespace - same as .split(“ “)
Note that, since a string is immutable, the result should be stored in a variable to work
Change,
“hELLO wORLD”
To,
“Hello World”
word = “hELLO wORLD”.swapcase()
for char in txt:
print(txt[char])
What does the above print
TypeError
This treats “char” like it’s an index, but it actually refers to an item (in this case a character in “txt”).
If you want to print the Item/character, it should be typed as below,
for char in txt:
print(char)
How can you check if a character is uppercase or lowercase
.isupper()
.islower()
These will return True or False
Print “P” from “Python”
print(“Python”[0])
print(“Python”[ ]) returns SyntaxError as there is no default index number when trying to slice with empty square brackets
“short sentence”.count(“a”,”e”,”i”,”o”,”u”)
What will the above return if printed
TypeError
the “.count()” method can only take one parameter at a time
def get_count(sentence):
total_count = 0
total_count += sentence.count(“a”)
total_count += sentence.count(“e”)
total_count += sentence.count(“i”)
total_count += sentence.count(“o”)
total_count += sentence.count(“u”)
return total_count
Give a shorter way of writing the above
def get_count(sentence):
total_count = 0
for char in “aeiou”:
total_count += sentence.count(char)
return total_count
“Hello World !”
Loop through this String checking if each character is alphabetical & if so, print True
for char in “Hello World !”:
if char.isalpha():
print(True)
num = int(2)
Print the above int as the String “002” by using f-strings and padding
num = int(2)
print(f”{num:03}”)
In “:03” the “3” is the total number of digits required, and “0” is the required leading numbers
.title() vs .capitalize()
.capitalize() capitalizes the first character in a String
.title() capitalizes the first character of every word in a String
