Data Types Flashcards
analog data
data represented in a continuous and variable form
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
a standard encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters, numbers, and symbols
bandwidth
the maximum rate of data transfer across a network or communication channel, usually measured in bits per second
binary
a numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to represent data in computing
Boolean expression
a logical statement that can only be true or false and uses operators like AND, OR, and NOT
character
a single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
character set
a collection of characters that a computer can recognize and process, like ASCII or Unicode compression ratio: the ratio of the original data size to the compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
control structure
constructs in programming that control the flow of execution, such as loops and conditional statements
data
raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful information
data compression
the process of reducing size of data to save space and transmission time
data types
categories of data that define what kind of value can be stored, like integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
declaration
a statement in programming that specifies the name and type of variable or function without assigning a value
digital data
data represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones)
floating point
a way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts using a format that includes a base and an exponent
Huffman encoding
a compression technique that uses variable-length codes for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
information
data that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way to be useful
integer
a whole number
keyword encoding
a method of data compression that replaces frequently occurring patterns with shorter codes
lossless
a type of data compression where no information is lost and the original data can be perfectly reconstructed
lossy
a type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently eliminating some information, which may affect quality
numeric
any value that is a number
overflow
a condition in which a calculation exceeds the maximum value that can be represented within a given number of bits
pulse-code modulation (PCM)
a method used to digitally represent analog signals
radix point
the decimal point in a number system that indicates the separation between integer and fractional parts
real
a data type representing numbers that can have fractional parts, often called floating-point numbers
reclocking
the process of refreshing the timing signals in digital data to ensure accuracy and synchronization
run-length encoding
a simple compression technique that replaces sequences of repeated characters with a single character and a count
scientific notation
a method of representing very large or very small numbers by using powers of 10
signed-magnitude representation
a way of encoding positive and negative numbers where one bit represents the sign and the remaining bits represent the magnitude
string
a sequence of characters treated as a single data element and used for text manipulation
strong typing
a feature in programming languages where each variable is explicitly declared to be a specific type, reducing errors
ten’s complement
a mathematical method for representing negative numbers in a decimal system
Unicode
a universal character set that includes characters from virtually all writing systems, allowing for consistent encoding and representation of text globally
