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Computer Science > Data Transmission > Flashcards

Data Transmission Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of transmissions

A

Serial transmission
Parallel transmission

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2
Q

Serial transmission, advantages and disadvantages

A

-Single wire
-Bits transmitted one at a time
-More reliable over long distances (bits less likely to be lost on the way)
-Order of arrival not mixed up
-Relatively slower than parallel
-Not suitable for large amounts of data over short distances

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3
Q

Parallel transmission, advantages and disadvantages

A

-8 wires
-8 bits transmitted at a time
-Faster than serial
-May arrive out of order
-Expensive

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4
Q

Types of data transmissions

A

-Simple
-Half-duplex
-Full-duplex

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5
Q

Simplex transmission and example

A

-Only one sender device (one-way)
-e.g printer and computer using USB cable

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6
Q

Half-duplex transmission and example

A

-Both devices can transmit and receive data (not at the same time)
-e.g walkie-talkies

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7
Q

Full-duplex transmission and example

A

-Both devices transmit and receive data at the same time
-e.g using broadband connection to play a video game

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8
Q

Data packets

A

Small units of data that are transmitted from a sending device to a receiving device
-Transmitted through a network communication protocol

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9
Q

Structure of a data packet

A

-Header
-Payload
-Trailer

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10
Q

Data packet Header

A

-IP address of sender
-IP address of receiver
-Packet number

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11
Q

Data packet Payload

A

-Actual data being sent

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12
Q

Data packet Trailer

A

Bits to show end of packet

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13
Q

What determines which route is taken by data packets?

A

Router

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14
Q

Factors that affect what route is taken by the packet

A

-Route availability
-Detected errors (corrupted/missing packets)

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15
Q

Packet switching

A

Data packets are each sent through different routes to get to destination

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16
Q

Advantages of Packet Switching

A

-Can take different routes

17
Q

Disadvantages of Packet Switching

A

-May be dropped if moves around network for certain period without being delivered

18
Q

Time to live (TTL)

A

Maximum amount of time a packet can stay on a network without being delivered

Measured in hops

19
Q

USB

A

-Universal Serial Bus - communication interface used to connect devices to host computers
-Serial transmission

-USB device is plugged into USB port. USB cable connects the two.

20
Q

Check Digit

A

-Extra digit added to a number calculated from the number’s existing digits.
-Used to check for errors during data entry

21
Q

Parity checks

A

-Used to check data transmission errors
-Data in bytes
-Two types: even, odd
-Using a parity bit at the end or start of the binary number and sent another the data

-Cannot tell which bit was corrupted or changed during transmission

22
Q

Checksum (4 steps)

A

Error detection method

1) If sum of bytes in block is less than or equal to 255, value is checksum
2) If sum of bytes in block is more than 255
a) Divide bytes by sum of 260 to get quotient
b) Round to nearest integer
c) Multiply int by 256
d) Subtrackt product from bytes sum to get chucksum

23
Q

Echo check

A

-Receiving computer send exact copy of data to sending computer
-S. computer compares the original and new data
-If error detected, data is resent and echo check process restarts

24
Q

ARQ

A

Automatic Repeat Query
-Set of rules established between Sending and Receiving computers to control errors.
-If error detected, S computer requested to resend packet

25
Q

Acknowledgement

A

ACK
-Short message from destination computer when data is received

Two types:
-Positive
-Negative

If negative, S computer requested to resend
-Process repeated until R computer receives complete packet or time out

26
Q

Plain text vs Encrypted text

A

Plain - text that is not encrypted
Encrypted - text that is encrypted

27
Q

Encryption

A

Scrambles data to make it unreadable to someone who does not know how to unscramble it

28
Q

Types of encryption

A

-Symmetric
-Asymmetric

29
Q

Symmetric encryption

A

Same key used to encrypt and decrypt

30
Q

Asymmetric encryption

A

-One key each for encrypting and decrypting
-Public key visible to all computers
-Private key only known to computer it resides in

Computer Science (4 decks)

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