Data Security & Issues In Technology

Question 1

Authentication

Answer 1

Authentication is a process of verifying the identity of a user

Question 2

Authorisation

Answer 2

Authorisation is the ability of a computer to control user’s access to data and resources

Question 3

Privacy

Answer 3

Privacy is the ability to keep specific data or resources from being known to others

Question 4

Cookies

Answer 4

A small file used by websites to store personal information on a user’s web browser. It is needed to keep track of authentication information users currently logged in, users moments and preferences within the website

Question 5

Pharming

Answer 5

Interception of requests sent from a computer to a legitamite website and redirection to a fake website to steal personal information or credit card details.

Question 6

Phishing

Answer 6

The use of emails and fake websites that appear to be from reputable companies in order to steal personal information such as passwords and credit card numbers from users.

Question 7

Spamming

Answer 7

Mass distribution of unwanted messages or emails.

Question 8

Spyware

Answer 8

A hidden program that secretly collects personal information about its users and transmits this information to attackers without the user’s knowledge.

Question 9

Trojan Horse

Answer 9

A computer program that pretends to be a harmless file or useful application and gives unauthorised access to the intruder.

Question 10

Virus

Answer 10

A computer program that attaches itself to a normally harmless program and modifies it.

Question 11

Worm

Answer 11

A computer program that runs automatically and attempts to spread by sending copies of itself to other computers.

Question 12

Unauthorised Access (Hacking)

Answer 12

Use of data by someone else without permission

Question 13

Passwords

Answer 13

A secret word or phrase known to the user only

Question 14

OTP

Answer 14

A password generated which is only valid for a short period of time

Question 15

OTP

Answer 15

A password that is generated which is only valid for a short period of time

Question 16

Security Token

Answer 16

A device that is used specifically for authentication purposes

Question 17

Biometrics

Answer 17

Authentication based on the measurement of unique human physical characteristics

Question 18

File Permissions

Answer 18

Settings from operating system to control the ability of users to view or make changes to specific files or folders

Question 19

Firewalls

Answer 19

Device or computer that prevents unauthorised access to or from a private network

Question 20

Encryption

Answer 20

Process or encoding data so that a secret key is needed to decode the data

Question 21

Parity check

Answer 21

An additional bit, known as the parity bit is appended or prepended to a string of binary data for transmission. In the odd parity system, the total number of 1 bits in each packet should be odd. In the even parity system, the total number of 1 bits in each packet should be even. Else, the data is corrupted.

Question 22

Checksum

Answer 22

Calculated value used to determine integrity of transmitted data. It serves as a unique identifier for data and is sent together with the data. The data and checksum are being sent together. At the destination, the checksum is recalculated and compared to get the original checksum value. Error has occurred if the two checksums are different.

Question 23

Local Area Network (LAN)

Answer 23

A network of computing devices within a small geographical area, typically within the same building. A small number of connections supported and close proximity of the devices. Typically provides faster data transfer than other networks.

Question 24

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Answer 24

A network of computing devices covering two or more buildings within the same town or city. Typically owned and operated by a large organisation such as a business or government body.

Question 25

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Answer 25

A network of computing devices covering across large-scale geographical locations. Generally consists of multiple smaller networks such as LANs or MANs.

Question 26

Wired network

Answer 26

Network of devices connected by a physical medium such as cables

Question 27

Wireless Network

Answer 27

Network of devices in which signals are transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves such as radio waves and microwaves

Question 28

Client

Answer 28

A client is a network device that initiates a connection to a server to request for resources and services to perform operations

Question 29

Server

Answer 29

A server is a network device that shared resources and responds to requests from devices and other servers on the network