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Data Representation > Data Representation > Flashcards

Data Representation Flashcards

1
Q

What is binary?

A

A number system which uses only two digits, 0 and 1

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2
Q

What is a bit?

A

One binary digit (can be one or zero)

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3
Q

What is a byte?

A

A group of 8 bits

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4
Q

What is a word?

A

A group of bytes (word size depends on the type of computer e.g. 8 byte machine has an 8 byte word size)

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5
Q

What is a denary number system?

A

A number system which uses the digits 0..9 (like our own number system)

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6
Q

What does a number base specify?

A

How much each digit is multiplied as you move from right to left

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7
Q

What base does the binary system have? What does this mean

A

base 2 -so place values are increasing powers of 2

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8
Q

What is another word for decimal?

A

denary

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9
Q

What is the range of numbers which can be stored with 8 bits?

A

0..255

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10
Q

How many values can be stored using 8 bits?

A

256 (includes zero)

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11
Q

What is twos complement?

A

A system for representing negative binary numbers

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12
Q

In twos complement, how can you tell if the number represented is negative?

A

It will start with a one

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13
Q

How would you convert a negative decimal number to twos complement?

A

-Make the decimal number positive -Convert this to binary -change all the ones to zeros and the zeros to ones -add one to the result

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14
Q

How do you change the sign of a binary number?

A

-start from the right -leave all digits up to and including the first one -change all other ones to zeros and zeros to ones

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15
Q

What is the first method of converting a negative twos complement number to denary?

A

-flip the bits -add one -convert the binary to denary

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16
Q

What is the second method of converting a negative twos complement number to denary?

A

Add all the place values with a one underneath them. The leftmost place value will always have a negative value

17
Q

What is the best method for binary subtraction?

A

Converting the number to be subtracted to negative twos complement and then adding the two

18
Q

How is -1 represented in twos complement?

A

With a one in all the place values (for any number of bits)

19
Q

What is the most significant bit (MSB)?

A

The leftmost bit (bit with the largest value)

20
Q

What is the least significant bit (LSB)?

A

The rightmost bit (bit with the smallest value)

21
Q

What is hexadecimal?

A

A number system which uses the digits 0..9 and letters A..F

22
Q

What is hexadecimal used for?

A

Making binary more convenient for humans to read -a shorthand for binary number patterns

23
Q

What base does hexadecimal use?

A

base 16

24
Q

How do you convert hexadecimal to binary?

A

Each symbol of hexadecimal has a value of 4 bits of binary. convert each symbol and put these groups together in the same order as the hexadecimal to form a longer binary number

25
Q

What is 10 in binary and hexadecimal?

A

binary =1010 hexadecimal=A

26
Q

What is 15 in binary and hexadecimal?

A

binary=1111 hexadecimal=F

27
Q

How can real (non-integer) numbers be represented using binary?

A

With fixed point binary numbers

28
Q

How does a fixed point binary number work?

A

The halving of place values continues on after a set place for the (imaginary) decimal point 8 4 2 1 . 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 etc

29
Q

Is binary or decimal representation of fractions more precise?

A

decimal

30
Q

What does fixed point binary notation assume?

A

That the binary point is always in a set position as there is no third symbol which can be used to literally store it

31
Q

What are the most well known coding systems?

A

ASCII and unicode

32
Q

What is a coding system?

A

Used to store text in computer memory Each character is represented using a different binary pattern

33
Q

How many different patterns (possibilities) are needed to represent all characters on a computer keyboard?

A

128

34
Q

How many bits are needed to represent every symbol on a computer keyboard?

A

seven bits

35
Q

How many bits are needed to represent 128 values?

A

seven

36
Q

How is a character represented in ASCII?

A

A 7 bit binary integer (with an 8th parity bit)

37
Q

What is unicode?

A

A coding system which uses 16 bits to represent characters (allowing for more symbols than ASCII)

38
Q

What is a parity bit?

A

One bit added on to the end of a bit pattern to check for errors

Data Representation (2 decks)

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