Data Representation Flashcards

1
Q

Name the order of size (smallest first) for storage terms

A

Bit, Byte, kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte

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2
Q

State the three steps of converting negative numbers into binary.

A

Create positive number
Invert all 0s and 1s
Add 1 to right hand bit

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3
Q

What two parts of a real number does a computer store?

A

Mantissa and Exponent

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4
Q

State an advantage of using floating point representation.

A

Takes up less space for storing large numbers and allows real numbers to be stored

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5
Q

State a disadvantage of using floating point representation.

A

The computer must split its storage space between mantissa and exponent. This can cause rounding errors

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6
Q

What are the four sizes of floating point numbers defined as?

A

16 bit- Half precision
32 bit- Single precision
64 bit- Double precision
128 bit - Quadruple precision

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7
Q

What is the structure (sign, exponent and mantissa) of a SINGLE precision number

A

Sign - 1 bit
Exponent - 8 bits
Mantissa - 23 bits

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8
Q

State three advantages of using the binary system?

A

0s and 1s are easily represented in digital
Dropping voltage does not affect the data
Less rules of arithmetic

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9
Q

What increases with the number of bits allocated to the mantissa

A

An increased accuracy or precision

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10
Q

What increases with the number of bits allocated to the exponent?

A

An increased range

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11
Q

How do computers store integers?

A

Binary representation

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12
Q

How much storage does a single ASCII character take up

A

1 byte (8bits)

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13
Q

State a disadvantage of using ASCII

A

Representing symbols from other languages

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14
Q

How many characters can Unicode represent compared to ASCII?

A

Unicode - 65536

ASCII- 255

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15
Q

State two advantages of using Unicode

A

Can represent more symbols

Can represent more languages

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16
Q

What is the difference between analogue and digital?

A

Analogue can have values of max and min

Digital is simply made up of 1s and 0s

17
Q

State 5 factors that affect file size of a video.

A
Movie Length
Frame Rate
Resolution
Sound bitrate
Movie Format
18
Q

What two things happen when sampling depth/frequency is increased?

A

Quality increases/ file size increases

19
Q

Name types of video formats

A
Flv
Ogg
Mov
Wmc
Mpg/Mp4
20
Q

What is the difference between the number of colours AND bit depth in monochrome and those in True colour

A

Monochrome - 1 bit depth, 2 colours

True Colour - 24 bit, 16777216 colours

21
Q

What happens when you increase the bit depth of an image

A

There is a higher colour depth

The file size increases

22
Q

State advantages of vector over bitmap

A

Vector is resolution independent
Not blurred by resizing
Objects can be selected and edited
File size is smaller

23
Q

State two disadvantages of vector graphics

A

Requires specific vector packages to create

Cannot represent photo realistic images

24
Q

State advantages of bitmap graphics

A

Image can have effects applied to them

Represent photos

25
State disadvantages of bitmap
Large storage space | Blurred with resizing
26
State 5 bitmap file formats
``` Bmp Gif Png Tiff Jpeg ```
27
State the range of values that two's complement could store using 8 bits
-128 to 127
28
Describe the difference between lossy and lossless compression
Lossless may be uncompressed, recreating the original file with all the original data Lossy file is compressed, data is permanently lost