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Computer Science > Data Representation > Flashcards

Data Representation Flashcards

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1
Q

Define

Natural Numbers

A

Counting numbers:
N = {1,2,3,4,5,6…}

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2
Q

Define

Integer Numbers

A

Any positive or negative whole number:
Z = {…-2,-1,0,1,2…}

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3
Q

Define

Rational Numbers

A

Includes values that can be represented as fractions or decimals:
Q = {…2/1,2/2,2/3…}
Q = {…2,1,0.5,0.25,0.125…}

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4
Q

Define

Real Numbers

A

Any number that is a natural, integer or rational number.

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5
Q

Define

Ordinal Number

A

Numbers that are used to describe the position in which they appear:
Adam, Belinda, Kyle, Tyler
Adam = 1st, Tyler = 4th

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6
Q

Define

Binary Number System

A

Uses the digits 0 - 1
Base 2

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7
Q

Define

Decimal Number System

A

Uses the digits 0-9.
Base 10

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8
Q

Define

Hexadecimal Number System

A

Consists of 16 distinct symbols — 0 - 9 and A - F.
Base 16

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9
Q

Identify

Advantages Of Hexadecimal

A
  • Easier to remember and write compared to binary
  • Less chance of errors
  • Easy to convert into binary
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10
Q

Identify

Uses Of Hexadecimal

A
  • MAC address
  • Define Colours
  • Machine Code
  • Assembly Language
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11
Q

Define

Unsigned Integer

A

A data type that stores positive integer values as ordinary binary numbers; its value is always assumed to be positive.

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12
Q

Identify

Binary Multiplication Rules

A
  • 0x0=0
  • 0x1=0
  • 1x0=0
  • 1x1=1
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13
Q

Describe

Two’s Complement

A

A method of representing negative numbers in the binary system. Found by flipping the postive binary representation of the number, flipping all the bits and adding one.

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14
Q

Define

Kilobyte

A

A unit of storage that represents 1000 bytes.

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15
Q

Define

Kibibyte

A

A unit of storage that represents 1024 bytes.

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16
Q

Define

Megabyte

A

A unit of storage that represents 1000 kilobytes.

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17
Q

Define

Mibibyte

A

A unit of storage that represents 1024 kibibytes.

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18
Q

Define

Gigabyte

A

A unit of storage that represents 1000 megabytes.

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19
Q

Define

Gibibyte

A

A unit of storage that represents 1024 mibibytes.

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20
Q

Define

Terabyte

A

A unit of storage that represents 1000 gigabytes.

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21
Q

Define

Tibibytes

A

A unit of storage that represents 1024 gibibytes.

22
Q

Define

Floating Point Numbers

A

Numbers where the decimal point can float because there is no fixed number of digits before and after the decimal point.

23
Q

Define

Mantissa

A

The bits used to represent the actual number.

24
Q

Define

Exponent

A

Number that dictates the position of the floating point.

25
Q

Define

Fixed Point Binary

A

In what representation of binary is the decimal point kept in the same position.

26
Q

Define

Rounding Errors

A

The precision of an arithmetic operation is greater than that of the floating-point number format, you can only get so close to representing true value.

27
Q

Define

Absolute Error

A

The difference between the actual number and the nearest representable value.

28
Q

Define

Relative Error

A

The ratio of absolute error to actual measure.

29
Q

Define

Precision

A

How close a group of measurements are to each other.

30
Q

Define

Normalization

A

Moving the binary point of a floating point number to provide the maximum level of precision for a given number of bits
Positive Value: 01
Negative Value: 10

31
Q

Define

Underflow

A

The result of a calculation is too small to be represented using the available number of bits.

32
Q

Define

Overflow

A

The result of a calculation is too large to be represented using the available number of bits.

33
Q

Define

Transmission Errors

A

Errors caused by external or internal factors that cause data to arrive in a different form to how it was originally sent.

34
Q

Describe

Parity Bit

A

A binary digit appended to a group of binary digits to make the sum of all the digits, including the appended binary digit, either odd or even as established beforehand.

35
Q

Describe

Even Parity

A

The number of 1s in the sequence add up to an even number.

36
Q

Describe

Odd Parity

A

The number of 1s in the sequence add up to an odd number.

37
Q

Describe

Majority Voting

A

Each bit is sent three times, and the receiving computer infers the data from what the majority of bits in the bit transmission show.

38
Q

Describe

Problem With Majority Voting

A

If the majority of the sent bits are errors, the computer will idenfity the error bit as the correct one.

39
Q

Explain

Checksums

A

An error detection method using an algorithm to calculate the sum of bytes in a transmission, and this calculated sum is also sent with the transmission. The receiving computer recalculates the sum with the transmission it received, and if the values of the sums don’t match with the one appended to the transmission, an error has occured or data has been altered.

40
Q

Define

Character

A

A letter, number, symbol or control (e.g. spacebar)

41
Q

Define

Character Code

A

A binary representation of a particular letter, number or special character.

42
Q

Define

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

A

Each character has its own binary representation, 7 Bit Character set, can represent 0-127 (128) characters.

43
Q

Define

Unicode

A

A character code that enables most of the languages of the world to be symbolized with a special character identification. Can use 16 or 32 bits

44
Q

Identify

Benefits of Unicode

A
  • Can represent characters from different languages.
  • Can represent a lot more characters.
45
Q

Define

Digital Data

A

Data that changes discreetly through a finite set of possible values, patterns of 1s and 0s
Breaks analogue signal down into pieces and represents them through binary

46
Q

Define

Pixels

A

small squares that combine to create an image on a computer monitor (picture elements).

47
Q

Describe

Analogue to Digital Converter

A

Device that changes analogue data to digital data so that it can be stored on a computer system. e.g. microphone.

48
Q

Describe

Digital To Analogue Converter

A

A device used to convert digital signals into analogue signals (so the computer can control another device such as a pump, motor, etc).

49
Q

Describe

Bitmap Resolution

A

The number of pixels used to make up a bitmap image. Width x Height

50
Q

Define

Megapixel

A

One million pixels, used in reference to the resolution of a graphics device.

Computer Science (3 decks)

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