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Computing Flashcards > Data Representation > Flashcards

Data Representation Flashcards

1
Q

How many inputs and outputs do NOT gates have?

A

One Input

One Output

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2
Q

Put these units in order of size (smallest to largest):

Terabyte, Byte, Kilobyte, Gigabyte, Megabyte

A

Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte

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3
Q

Convert 17 (decimal) to binary

A

10001

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4
Q

Convert 17 (decimal) to hexadecimal

A

11

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5
Q

Convert 0011 1000 (binary) to decimal

A

56

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6
Q

What effect do left and right shifts have on binary numbers?

A

Left shifts multiply a binary number. For every place shifted left, the number is doubled
Right shifts divide a binary number. For every place shifted right, the number is halved

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7
Q

Convert 1001 1111 (binary) to decimal

A

159

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8
Q

Convert 1001 1111 (binary) to hexadecimal

A

9F

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9
Q

Convert 10 1011 (binary) to decimal

A

43

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10
Q

Convert 10 1011 (binary) to hexadecimal

A

2B

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11
Q

Convert 4A (hexadecimal) to decimal

A

74

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12
Q

Convert 4A (hexadecimal) to binary

A

1001010

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13
Q

Convert 75 (hexadecimal) to decimal

A

117

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14
Q

Convert 75 (hexadecimal) to binary

A

1110101

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15
Q

Convert 148 (decimal) to binary

A

10010100

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16
Q

Convert 148 (decimal) to hexadecimal

A

94

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17
Q

Convert 240 (decimal) to binary

A

11110000

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18
Q

Convert 240 (decimal) to hexadecimal

A

F0

19
Q

Convert BD9 (hexadecimal) to decimal

A

3033

20
Q

Convert BD9 (hexadecimal) to binary

A

101111011001

21
Q

Encode this string using run-length encoding:

PPPPQQRRRSSSSSSPPPPPQQQ

A

(4,P), (2,Q), (3,R), (6,S), (5,P), (3,Q)

22
Q

Calculate the number of bits need to store this string if it was encoded with ASCII:
PPPPQQRRRSSSSSSPPPPPQQQ

A

23 x 8 = 184 bits

23
Q

Why do programmers prefer hexadecimal over binary and decimal?

A

It is simpler to remember large numbers in hex - they’re far shorter than binary numbers

Due to them being shorter, there’s less chance of input errors

It’s easier to convert between binary and hex than binary and decimal

24
Q

What is the definition of a character set?

A

A collection of characters that a computer recognises from their binary representation

25
Q

What are the four types of characters that are included in a character set?

A
  1. Uppercase letters
  2. Lowercase letters
  3. Digits
  4. Symbols
26
Q

What are the two main character sets?

A

ASCII

Unicode

27
Q

Define the term pixel?

A

One of the individual units that make up an image

28
Q

Define the term bitmap?

A

An image made up of pixels

29
Q

Define the term colour depth?

A

The number of bits used for each pixel

30
Q

Define the term image resolution

A

The number of pixels in the image

31
Q

What are the effects of choosing a greater image resolution or colour depth for an image?

A

Using a grater image resolution or colour depth mean that there are more bits in the image. This can give a higher quality image, but also increases the file size.

32
Q

How does audio sampling work?

A
  1. Sound is recorded by a microphone as an analogue signal
  2. The analogue signals are converted into digital data by analogue to digital converters so that the computers can read and store sound files
33
Q

Define the term sample rate

A

How many samples you take in a second

34
Q

What happens when you increase the sample rate?

A

Increasing the sample rate means the analogue recording is sampled more often.
The sampled sound will be better quality and will more closely match the orignal recording.
However, increasing the sample rate will also increase the file size

35
Q

Define the term sample resolution

A

The number of bits available for each sample

36
Q

What happens when you increase the sample resolution?

A

Increasing the sample resolution means the digital file picks up quieter sounds, even if they’re happening at the same time as louder ones.
This will also result in a sampled sound that is closer to the quality of the orignal recording.
However, increasing the sample resolution will increase the file size

37
Q

Why might you want to compress data?

A

Smaller files take up less storage space on a device

Streaming and downloading files from the internet is quicker as they take up less bandwidth

It allows webpages to loads more quickly in web browsers

Email services normally have restrictions on the size of the attachment you can send - compressing the file allows you to send the same content with a much smaller file size.

38
Q

What is the difference between lossy compression and lossless compression?

A

Lossy compression works by permanently removing data from the file - this limits the number of bits the file needs and so reduces its size

Lossless compression makes the files smaller by temporarily removing data to store the file and then restores it to its orignal state when its opened

39
Q

Why might you want to use lossy compression?

A

Greatly reduced file size, meaning more files can be stored
Takes up less bandwidth so can be downloaded and streamed more quickly
Commonly used - lots of software can read lossy files

40
Q

Why might you want to use lossless compression?

A

Data is only removed temporarily so there is no reduction in quality - the compressed file should look or sound like the original
Can be decompressed - turned back into the original
Can be used on text and software files

41
Q

What is the formula used to calculate the size of a sound file

A

File size (in bits) = sample rate (in Hz) x sample resolution x length (in seconds)

42
Q

Define the term number base

A

A number base is the number of digits or combination of digits that a system of counting uses to represent numbers

43
Q

Explain the purpose of hexadecimal

A

It can be used to write large binary numbers in just a few digits

44
Q

Describe the ASCII and Unicode character sets

A

ASCII is a character encoding that uses numeric codes to represent characters
Unicode is a universal character encoding standard that assigns a code to every character and symbol in every language in the world

Computing Flashcards (10 decks)

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