Data reprentation Topic 1 Flashcards
Define bit
basic computing element that is either 0 or 1
Defnie overflow error
the result of a calculation producing a value too large for the computer’s allocated word size
logical shift
shifting bits left or right in a register
-any out of register are replaced with 0
two’s complement
method of representing negative numbers in binary
What is most significant bit
left most bit
ASCII code
character set for all the characters on a standard keyboard and control codes
(American standard code for Information Interchange)
character set
list of characters defined by the computer hardware and software
-so computers can understand human characters
Unicode
character set which represents all the languages of the world, including the ASCII code
Sampling resolution
number of bits used to represent sound amplitude in digital sound recording
-aka bit depth
bit depth
number of bits used to represent the smallest unit in a sound file
color depth
number of bits used to represent the colors of a pixel
sampling rate
number of sound samples taken per second in a digial sound recording
bitmap image
image made up of pixels
pixel
smallest element used to make up an image on a display
image resolution
number of pixels that make up an image
pixelated image
result of zooming into a bitmap image
pixel density
number of pixels per square inch
compression
reduction of the size of a file by removing repeated or redundant pieces of data
audio compression
a method used to reduce the size of a sound file using perceptual music shaping
What are the uses of the binary system
base of all computing systems
Why is the binary system used in all computing systems [3]
-it only consists of two values: 0 and 1
-computers can only take inputs of on and off
-binary systems can represent the computers
What are the uses of the hexadecimal system [4]
-error codes
-MAC addresses (unique number per device)
-IPv6 addresses (internet protocol address)
-HTML color codes
Why is the hexadecimal system used [3]
to shorten long binary numbers
-to be interpreted by humans
-for storage
-for transfer of data
What are the uses of the octal system [2]
to shorten long binary numbers
-similar to hexadecimal
-used to represent data with smaller bits
benefits of using larger sampling resolution [3]
-larger dynamic range
-better sound quality
-less sound distortion
describe a vector image
-consists of shapes, curves, lines, texts
-has intructions where to place the components
Advantages of bitmap images [2]
-high detail (color range, gradient)
-can easily be compressed
Advantages of vector images [2]
-scalability without losing quality
-typically smaller file size
What is perceptual music shaping? [2]
-removing frequencies out of human hearing range
-removing softer sound if two sounds are played at the same time
examples of lossy compression [3]
MP3
MP4
JPEG
example of lossless compression
RLE
How does RLE work? [2]
reduces identical/repeating data into two numbers
-number of identical data
-code of the data item
