Data presentation and interpretation

Question 1

what is random sampling?

Answer 1

there is an equal chance of being chosen, it is non-bias

Question 2

what is the method of random sampling?

Answer 2

all the members of the population are numbered, a random number generator is used, any repeated numbers are used

Question 3

what is stratified sampling?

Answer 3

the population is divided into groups (‘strata’), it is quiet representative of the population

Question 4

what is the method of stratified sampling?

Answer 4

find out the proportion of the whole pop each group is in and multiply this by how many people you asked in total. (number in group/total number of people x sample size)

Question 5

what is cluster sampling?

Answer 5

the population is divided into sub groups, whole groups are picked to survey

Question 6

what is the method of cluster sampling?

Answer 6

local authorities divide the population into groups called clusters and then random sample of clusters are chosen from the population

Question 7

what is quota sampling?

Answer 7

the required number of people with particular characteristics is decided and the data is collected on an opportunist bias

Question 8

what is the method of quota sampling?

Answer 8

researchers look for a specific characteristic in their respondents, and then take a tailored sample that is in proportion to a population of interest.

Question 9

what is qualitative data?

Answer 9

Is descriptive data such as colour, gender, type of employee

Question 10

what is quantitative data?

Answer 10

Is numerical, it can be discrete or continuous

Question 11

what is discrete data?

Answer 11

takes only particular, exact values such as number of students in a class

Question 12

what is continuous data?

Answer 12

can take any value of any range such as height and weight

Question 13

what is primary data?

Answer 13

is collected directly from the population

Question 14

what is secondary data?

Answer 14

has been collected previously

Question 15

what is a biased sample?

Answer 15

a sample which isn’t representative

Question 16

what is a representative sample?

Answer 16

a sample reflecting the population in the proportion of individuals with particular characteristics relevant to the investigation

Question 17

how to select a representative sample?

Answer 17

1- decide what characteristics of the population are likely to have some bearing on the investigation
2 - divide the sample in the same population
3 - use random sampling to select individuals from each sub-groups

Question 18

limitations of random sampling

Answer 18

1 - the sample isn’t representative of the whole population

2- it is time consuming and impractical

Question 19

strengths of random sampling

Answer 19

1 - it is non-bias

2- all items of data equally likely to be chosen

Question 20

limitations of quota sampling

Answer 20

1 - it is opportunistic basis

2 - open is bias samples

Question 21

strengths of quota sampling

Answer 21

1 - you can target a group

2 - representative of population

Question 22

limitations of cluster sampling

Answer 22

1- it takes a long time

2- open to bias if the clusters aren’t similar

Question 23

strengths of cluster sampling

Answer 23

1- targets certain people

2- quick and efficient way of choosing a sample

Question 24

limitations of stratified sampling

Answer 24

1- can be time consuming

2- be impractical on a large scale

Question 25

strengths of stratified sampling

Answer 25

1- it is proportional to population

2- fairy reflects the population