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Auditing Theory and Practice > Data Management > Flashcards

Data Management Flashcards

1
Q

General approaches to data management

A

Flat-file approach

Database approach

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2
Q

Problems in a flat-file environment

A 
Data redundancy (data storage, data updating, currency of information)
Task-data dependency
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3
Q

Database approach

A

Centralizes data into a common database that is shared by other users

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4
Q

Elements of a database environment

A
  1. Database management systems
  2. Users
  3. Database administrator
  4. Physical database
  5. Database Management Systems Models
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5
Q

Features of DBMS

A

Program development
Backup and recovery
Database usage reporting
Database access

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6
Q

Three Software Modules for Database Access

A

Data definition language
Data manipulation language
Query language

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7
Q

Three Views of Data Definition Language

A

Internal view
Conceptual view
External view

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8
Q

Functions of a Database Administrator

A 
Database planning
Database design
Database implementation
Operations and maintenance
Database growth and change
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9
Q

Two Fundamental Components of the Data Structure

A

Data Organization

Data Access Methods

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10
Q

Data Attribute/Field

A

Single item of data

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11
Q

Entity

A

Database representation of an individual resource, event, or agent about which we choose to collect data

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12
Q

Record Type

A

Data attributes that logically define an entity

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13
Q

Database

A

Set of record types

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14
Q

Associations

A

Relationship of record types

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15
Q

Three Types of Associations

A

One-to-One
One-to-Many
Many-to-Many

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16
Q

Three Common DBMS Models

A

Hierarchical
Network
Relational

17
Q

Two Kinds of Databases

A

Centralized

Decentralized

18
Q

Two Kinds of Distributed Databases

A

Partitioned

Replicated

19
Q

Factors Considered in Solving a Deadlock

A

Resources invested in the transaction
Transaction’s stage of completion
Number of deadlocks associated with the transaction

20
Q

Database Concurrence

A

Presence of complete and accurate data at all user sites

21
Q

Categories of Controls Over Data Management Systems

A

Access controls

Backup controls

22
Q

Risks of Access Controls

A

Corruption of data
Theft of data
Misuse of data
Destruction of data

23
Q

Examples of Access Controls

A 
User views
Database authorization table (or Access control list)
User defined procedures
Data encryption
Biometric devices
Inference control
24
Q

Backup and Recovery Features in A Database Environment

A

Database backup
Transaction log
Checkpoints
Recovery module

Auditing Theory and Practice (2 decks)

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