Data Management

Question 1

Latin word meaning “the state”

Answer 1

status

Question 2

Came from a Latin word “status”

Answer 2

Statistics

Question 3

branch of science that deals with the collection, presentation, organization, analysis and interpretation of data
study of variation

Answer 3

Statistics

Question 4

Empowers us to make intelligent choices

Answer 4

Information

Question 5

allows us to answer problems by giving a clear picture of a particular collection of elements

Answer 5

Statistical Inquiry

Question 6

Collection of all elements under consideration

Answer 6

Population

Question 7

Subset of a population from which raw data are being obtained

Answer 7

Sample

Question 8

The specification of interests depends on this.

Answer 8

Scope of the study

Question 9

Characteristics or attributes of the elements in a collection

Answer 9

Variables

Question 10

realized value of a variable

Answer 10

Observation

Question 11

collection of observations

Answer 11

Data

Question 12

Data set consist of some basic measurements of individual items

Answer 12

Data Structure

Question 13

3 basic ways of classifying data set

Answer 13

1. number of variables
2. kind of information
3. time sequence/cross sectional

Question 14

summary measure describing the specific characteristic of the population

Answer 14

Parameter

Question 15

summary measure describing the specific characteristics of the sample

Answer 15

Statistics

Question 16

organizing and summarizing data
deals with the techniques used in the collection, presentation, organization and analysis of the data on hand
used to say something or describe a set of information collected
represented with graphs

Answer 16

Descriptive Statistics

Question 17

come up with generalizations or inferences about the population using the information in the selected sample
used to say something about a larger group using information collected from a small part of that group

Answer 17

Inferential Statistics

Question 18

It is based on good procedures for producing data and thoughtful examination of data.

Answer 18

Effective interpretation of data

Question 19

fancy way of saying we are estimating population values based on your sample data

Answer 19

Estimation Statistics

Question 20

drawing conclusion about a population parameter
uses data to decide between two or more different possibilities
produces a definite decision

Answer 20

Hypothesis Testing

Question 21

designed research to provide information needed to solve a research problem

Answer 21

Statistical Inquiry

Question 22

most important step in statistical study

Answer 22

Determining the Sample Size

Question 23

tells the researcher how sure the responses of the sample represent the population

Answer 23

Confidence Level

Question 24

how much a percentage points deviate from the real population value

Answer 24

Margin of Error

Question 25

applicable only when estimating a population proportion and when the confidence level is 95%

Answer 25

Slovin's Formula

Question 26

Process of selecting a representative group from the population under study

Answer 26

Sampling

Question 27

list of all items in your population complete list of everyone/everything you want to study specific

Answer 27

Sampling Frame

Question 28

total group of individuals from which the sample might be drawn

Answer 28

Target Population

Question 29

group of people who take part in an investigation, called "participants"

Answer 29

Sample

Question 30

extent to which we can apply the findings of our research to the target population

Answer 30

Generalizability

Question 31

Non Probabilistic Sampling Techniques

Answer 31

Convenience Sampling - subjective basis of selection Purposive Sampling - used in exploratory research Referral/Snowball Sampling - produces biased results Quota Sampling - hypothesis was generated

Question 32

Probabilistic Sampling Techniques

Answer 32

Simple Random Sampling - random basis of selection Systematic Random Sampling - used in conclusive research Stratified Random Sampling - can make statistical inferences Cluster Sampling - hypothesis was tested

Question 33

based on personal choice does not follow a randomization mechanism allow researcher to choose the elements in the sample subjectively

Answer 33

Non-Probabilistic Sampling

Question 34

uses random selection wherein each element in the sampled population has equal chances of being selected

Answer 34

Probabilistic Sampling

Question 35

Allows us to calculate an ideal sample size and appropriate especially in situations with larger population

Answer 35

Cochran's Sample Size Formula

Question 36

4 things to consider when using Cochran's Formula

Answer 36

1. Population 2. Level of Precision (Margin of Error) 3. Confidence Level/ Risk Level 4. Standard Deviation/ Degree of Variability

Question 37

the more sample you examine, the better the results will be

Answer 37

Law of Large

Question 38

values are determined by chance

Answer 38

Variables

Question 39

placed into distinct categories, categorical

Answer 39

Qualitative Variables

Question 40

order or ranked, numerical

Answer 40

Quantitative Variables

Question 41

used to give overview of data via rows and columns enables the reader to look up specific information used to display individual values and compare to other used to present more precise values of data

Answer 41

Tables

Question 42

used to represent data by using vertical/horizontal bars used when the data we want to present are qualitative

Answer 42

Bar Graph

Question 43

used to represent data that occurs over a specific period used to see patterns on the increase/decrease of values over time

Answer 43

Line Graph

Question 44

used to represent data that are in percentage or proportion used to describe composition of data or how one part contributes to the whole

Answer 44

Pie Graph

Question 45

most commonly used measure of central tendency what most people think of as average most appropriate when data are in interval or ratio scale only one value of the mean for the given set of values easily influenced by extreme values

Answer 45

Mean

Question 46

extremely high or low value compared to other values

Answer 46

Outlier

Question 47

value in the data set which occurs most frequently used for nominal data have one or more modes least reliable measure of center quick approximation of average

Answer 47

Mode

Question 48

middle value of a given set of measurements not influenced by extreme values

Answer 48

Median

Question 49

arrangement of values in an increasing or decreasing order

Answer 49

Array

Question 50

Which average should be used in numerical data?

Answer 50

Mean/Median

Question 51

Which average should be used in categorical data?

Answer 51

Mode/Median

Question 52

not only specifying the measure of central tendency but also the measure of dispersion

Answer 52

Measure of Variation

Question 53

measure of variation that is most appropriate to any numerical data

Answer 53

Standard Deviation

Question 54

most appropriately used when you have two data sets with different unit of measurement you want to compare

Answer 54

Coefficient of Variation

Question 55

Measures of variation are essentially ---- for categorical data

Answer 55

Non-existent

Question 56

if categorical data, it is most appropriate to describe the variation by ---

Answer 56

Identifying extreme scores

Question 57

used when the researcher wants to generalize about a population given a sample based on hypothesis

Answer 57

Statistical Tests

Question 58

conjecture about the population parameter that may or may not be true Null/Alternative Hypothesis

Answer 58

Statistical Hypothesis

Question 59

numeric characteristics computed from the sample from which the decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis is based

Answer 59

Test Statistic

Question 60

size of a risk of erroneously rejection the null that the researcher is willing to make

Answer 60

Level of Significance

Question 61

assumptions of the statistical test are met sample size is large data are numerical

Answer 61

Parametric

Question 62

at least one assumption of the statistical test is not met sample size is too small data are categorical

Answer 62

Non-Parametric

Question 63

multiple comparison of the mean

Answer 63

ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis Tests

Question 64

pairwise comparison of the mean

Answer 64

Tukey's HSD and Dunn's Test

Question 65

There is enough evidence to reject the claim

Answer 65

Reject Null Hypothesis

Question 66

There is not enough evidence to reject the claim

Answer 66

Fail to Reject Null Hypothesis

Question 67

There is enough evidence to support the claim

Answer 67

Reject Alternative Hypothesis

Question 68

There is not enough evidence to support the claim

Answer 68

Fail to Reject Alternative Hypothesis