Data Interpretation Flashcards
–measurements (such as length, mass, and speed) that provide information about quantities in numbers
QUANTITATIVE DATA
information (colors, scents, shapes, tastes) that can NOT be measured using numbers
QUALITATIVE DATA
information that can be expressed only by a specific value (ie. whole or half number)
example: people can only be counted in whole numbers, therefore a population count is this type of data
DISCRETE DATA
information (ie time, temperature) that can be expressed by ANY value WITHIN A GIVEN RANGE
CONTINUOUS DATA
information that can be placed in NUMERICAL ORDER
-age, weight
ORDINAL DATA
information that can NOT be placed in numerical order
-names, places
NOMINAL DATA
information that has been collected directly from a survey, experiment, study, investigation
-when this type of data has not yet been analyzed it’s considered raw data
PRIMARY DATA
information that has been collected, sorted, and processed by the researcher
SECONDARY DATA
a graph that uses _____ to compare data; includes a scale that identifies the units being measured
BAR GRAPH
a graph that connects points to show how data increases or decreases over time
-the timeline is the horizontal axis
LINE GRAPH
a graph that uses pictures or symbols to show data
- a key will identify what each symbol represents
- generally, each symbol stands for 1 or more objects
PICTOGRAPH
a diagram used to compare parts of a whole
- a full ____ represents the whole, and is divided into sectors that each represent something that is part of the whole
- the size of each sector is determined by the percentage of the whole that the associated quantity represents
PIE CHART or CIRCLE GRAPH
a special type of bar graph where the data are grouped in intervals (ie for ages 20-29, 30-39, 40-49).
-the frequency (the # of times a value occurs in each interval) is indicated by the height of the bar
HISTOGRAM
each piece of data is split into 2 parts
- left/first part
- right/second part
- lets you see which values fall into a specific range
- keeps all of the original data
- works best with small sets of data
STEM AND LEAF PLOT
- stem
- leaf
a regression that uses an I.V.
SIMPLE REGRESSION
useful for knowing the types of functions that are given with the data
-helpful for finding the simple regression
SCATTER PLOT
is an input into a system that may take on values freely
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
changes as a consequence of changes in other values (in the equation)
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
most useful when data is approximately normal, does not contain extreme outliers (ie there is little variation)
-the sum of the data points divided by the number of data points
THE MEAN
a more appropriate measure of central tendency when data shows much variation
-gives a better idea of a “typical” data point
its the value in the middle of the data set; 50% of the data points lie above it and 50% of the data points lie below it
-average of the middle 2 data points
THE MEDIAN
useful to get a general sense of the shape of distribution; shows where the peaks of the distribution are
-value that appears most often in the data set
THE MODE
difference between the highest and lowest value in the distribution of a data set
THE RANGE
more of its values to the left of the peak
-longer/fatter tail on the left side of the peak
SKEWED LEFT
more of its values to the right of the peak
-longer/fatter tail on the right side of the peak
SKEWED RIGHT
if a distribution has a single peak, it is considered
UNIMODAL
if a distribution has two discernible peaks
BIMODAL
a distribution in which there is no distinct peak or variation in the data
UNIFORM distribution
