Data inference Questions

Question 1

EQ: Describe the relationship between sea temperature and the number of people admitted to hospital with cholera between january and june

2 marks

Some scientists have suggested that a rise in sea temperatures could lead to an increase in outbreaks of cholera. Do these data support this suggestion? Give reasons for your answer

2 marks

In areas where there are repeated outbreaks of cholera, most people who become infected by cholera bacteria do not become ill. Suggest and explain one reason why.

2 marks

Answer 1

b. ) 1. Both show little increase January
2. (Up to May) sea temperature rises more quickly before increase in cholera
3. Both reach a peak in and decline after April
c. ) 1.Positive correlation from January to September/October (between sea temperature and cholera cases
2. Negative correlation as sea temperature falls in october/ November
3. only records people in hospital with cholera
d. ) 1. Have produced memory cells;
2. After previous infection/vaccination;

OR

7. Some people naturally resistant to bacterium;
8. Because of structure of cell membranes / amount of secretions eg bile/pancreatic juices;

Question 2

EQ: Imatinib is taken up by blood cells by active transport.

Explain how the data for the two different temperatures support this statement.

2 marks

Explain how the data for concentrations of imatinib outside the blood cells at 50 and 100 µmol dm–3 at 37 ºC support the statement that imatinib is taken up by active transport.

2 marks

Answer 2

(c) (i) 1. (At every concentration) uptake is faster at 37o C/at higher temperature;
2. Due to faster respiration/ATP production;
(c) (ii) 1. Uptake at 37o C only small increase /levelling off/almost constant;
2. As carrier proteins full;
3. Concentration of imatinib is not the limiting factor;

Question 3

The scientists measured the rate of uptake of imatinib in µg per million cells per hour. Explain the advantage of using this unit of rate in this investigation.

2 marks

Answer 3

1. To allow comparison;
2. Because different number of cells in samples / different times for incubation / numbers become easier to manipulate

Question 4

EQ:

c.) The scientists excluded women who smoked from the study. Explain why.

1 mark

d.)i) What do these data show about the effect that glycaemic load of the diet has on the risk of developing CHD?

1 mark

Answer 4

c. ) 1. Smoking increases risk of CHD;
2. Introduces another variable;
d. )i) 1. No effect on risk with diet group 1 and 2/lowest glycaemic load;
2. Above diet group 2/in higher groups, risk increases as glycaemic load increases;