Data handling and analysis

Question 1

What are meta-analyses and what type of data does this collect?

Answer 1

Collecting data from several studies with the same research aims and re-analysing them; Secondary data

Question 2

What is the mean?

Answer 2

Average score

Question 3

What is primary data?

Answer 3

Data collected first hand by the researcher, directly from their own participants. It is new data that has never been collected before

Question 4

What is the mode?

Answer 4

The most frequently occurring data/number

Question 5

What is the median?

Answer 5

The middle number

Question 6

What are the measures of dispersion?

Answer 6

Range and standard deviation

Question 7

What should you display on a bar chart?

Answer 7

Categorical/nominal data - set integer values, e.g. students in a class

Question 8

What should you display on a histogram?

Answer 8

Continuous data - can take on any value, e.g. weight

Question 9

What should you display on a scatter graph?

Answer 9

Correlational data

Question 10

What does a positive skew look like?

Answer 10

Scores are mainly below the mean and so are concentrated to the left of the graph

Question 11

What does a negative skew look like?

Answer 11

Scores are mainly above the mean and so are concentrated to the right of the graph

Question 12

Describe the range

Answer 12

Biggest no - smallest no. The higher it is the more variability is in the data set

Question 13

Describe the standard deviation

Answer 13

Tells you the spread of data around the mean and to see the relationships between scores

Question 14

What type of data uses the sign test?

Answer 14

Nominal

Question 15

What are co-variables?

Answer 15

The variables investigated in a correlational study. The relationship between them is investigated, not cause and effect

Question 16

What is nominal data?

Answer 16

Frequency data - it measures how many; uses the sign test or chi-squared test

Question 17

What is ordinal data?

Answer 17

Continuous data - data along a scale with inexact quantities between points; uses the Mann-Whitney or Wilcoxon tests

Question 18

What is interval data?

Answer 18

Continuous data - data on a scale with exact and equal intervals between points; uses the t-test or Pearson’s r

Question 19

What rhyme do you use to remember nominal data tests?

Answer 19

Naughty children swear constantly

Question 20

What rhyme do you use to remember ordinal data sets?

Answer 20

Only men want sausages

Question 21

What rhyme do you use to remember interval data sets?

Answer 21

I usually rate pizza

Question 22

Which measure of central tendency is the most sensitive and what does this make it?

Answer 22

Mean; makes it more representative of all values

Question 23

What is coding and when is it used?

Answer 23

The means by which qualitative data is summarised into meaningful categories for analysis. Used in thematic analysis

Question 24

What is the difference between content and thematic analysis?

Answer 24

Thematic analysis is different from content because you do not count the themes, you cluster them under headings

Question 25

How could thematic analysis be carried out on interview recordings?

Answer 25

Use the recordings to make a transcription of the interview, use coding to analyse this and then review it looking for themes linked to violent crime that sum up the work

Question 26

What is content analysis?

Answer 26

Summarising qualitative data into quantitative data through systematic examination of the material in order to determine meanings that underlie the content and counting the number of times a theme appears

Question 27

What is thematic analysis?

Answer 27

A method of qualitative research linked to content analysis, which involves analysing data to identify the patterns within it and summarising key ideas under these subheadings (but not counting themes)

Question 28

What is secondary data?

Answer 28

Secondhand data which already exists and have not acquired from participants

Question 29

What measurement of central tendency should be used with nominal data?

Answer 29

Mode

Question 30

What measurement of central tendency should be used with ordinal data?

Answer 30

Median

Question 31

What measurement of central tendency should be used with interval data?

Answer 31

Mean