Data Collection Methods Flashcards
Data
information or observed values/labels
collected from individuals/entities
Types of Data (data collection methods ppt)
- Primary data
2. Secondary data
Primary Data
collected by the researcher by
himself/herself
Secondary Data
collected by other sources
journals, publications, internet, etc.
What is important to note in terms of primary and secondary data?
Cite the sources
Raw Data
data in its original form
Array
data arranged from either highest to lowest or lowest to highest
Collection of Data
- Census
2. Survey
Census
technique of collecting information
or data from every individual/element in the
population
Survey
technique of collecting data or
information from a portion of the population (or
sample)
Examples of Census
- Census of Population and Housing (2020),
2. Census of Agriculture and Fisheries (1991, 2002, 2012, 2022)
Examples of Surveys
- Family, Income and Expenditure Survey (2012, 2015, 2018),
- Labor Force Survey
Methods of Data Collection
- Survey Method
- Experimental Method
- Observation Method
- Use of Existing Records (Journals, etc.)
Major Data Collection Methods
- Use of existing records
- Survey method
- Observation method
- Experiment method
Use of existing records
data from published materials like reports, personal files, and historical records
Survey method
data are obtained by asking respondents questions, either through self-administered questions or personal interviews
Observation method
data are obtained by recording the behavior as it happens
Experiment method
data obtained under controlled conditions; there is direct human intervention on the conditions that may affect the values of the variable of interest
Methods of Communication in Doing Surveys
- personal interview
- telephone
- focused group discussion (FGD)
Questionnaire
refers to any list of questions, which can be self-administered by the respondent or read to the respondent by an interviewer
Variable
a characteristic or attribute of the elements which can assume different values for the different elements in the collection
Observation
a realized value of a variable
Data
collection of all observations
Qualitative or categorical (nonmetric) variable
a quality or characteristic; can be observed but not measured
Quantitative or numerical (metric) variable
measures a numerical quantity or amount
Variables in an Experiment
- Explanatory variables
- Treatments/factor levels
- Extraneous variables
- Response variables
Explanatory variable/s
variables in the study whose values are believed to have an effect on the value of the response variables
Treatment or factor levels
values or categories of the explanatory variable that are being considered in the study
Extraneous variables
are those variables that may have an effect on the response variable but their effects are not of interest in the study
How do researchers intervene/control the conditions that may affect the response variable?
The researcher intervenes by controlling the conditions that may affect the response variable by:
- using a randomization mechanism in assigning the treatments
- controlling the identified extraneous variables
What will happen when the researchers intervene/control the conditions that may affect the response variable?
By doing so (intervening/controlling the conditions), the researcher can isolate the effects of the explanatory variable on the response variable and clarify the direction and strength of their relationship.
