Data Collection and Sampling Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Methods of Data Collection:

A

Observation
Interview
Questionnaire

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2
Q

Seeks to ascertain what people think and do by watching them in action as they express themselves in various situations and activities.

A

Observation

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3
Q

Instead of writing the response the interviewee subject gives the needed information verbally face-to-face relationship.

A

Interview

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4
Q

Provides speedy and simple technique gathering data about groups of individuals scattered in a wide and extended field.

A questionnaire form is sent usually by post / online

A

Survey Questionnaire

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5
Q

Sampling Techniques

A
  • Probability Random Sampling
  • Non-Probability Non-Random Sampling
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6
Q

Start with a complete sampling frame of all eligible individuals from which you select your sample. (unbiased)

A

Probability Sampling Method

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7
Q

Probability Sampling Method

A
  • Simple Random
  • Systematic Sampling
  • Stratified Sampling
  • Clustered Sampling
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8
Q

Each individual or unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected. Selection is done randomly. Ensuring unbiased representation.

using methods like a lottery system or a random number generator

A

Simple Random Sampling

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9
Q

A method where elements are selected from an ordered population at regular intervals. The first sample is chosen randomly within the first interval, and subsequent samples follow a fixed pattern.

(e.g., every 5th or 10th individual).

A

Systematic Sampling

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10
Q

Population is divided into distinct subgroups (strata) based on shared characteristics

(e.g., age, income level, education).

A

Stratified Sampling

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11
Q

Population is divided into occurring groups (clusters).

(e.g., schools, neighborhoods, or companies. )

A

Clustering Sampling

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12
Q

All members of the selected clusters are surveyed

A

one-stage cluster sampling

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13
Q

random subset of individuals within selected clusters is surveyed

A

two stage cluster sampling

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14
Q

Not all members of the population have an equal chance of being selected. Instead, selection is based on subjective judgment, convenience, or specific criteria set by the researcher.

A

Non-Probability Sampling

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15
Q

Used in exploratory research, qualitative studies, or when probability sampling is impractical due to resource constraints.

A

Non-Probability Sampling

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16
Q

Non-Probability Sampling

A
  • Convenience Sampling
  • Quota Sampling
  • Purposive Sampling
  • Snowball Sampling
17
Q

Participants are selected based on their availability, accessibility, and willingness to participate rather than random selection.

A

Convenience Sampling

18
Q

Used in pilot studies, exploratory research, or when time and resources

A

Convenience Sampling

19
Q

Researchers deliberately selected individuals who are most relevant to the researcher topic based on predefined criteria, expertise, or specific characteristics.

A

Purposive Sampling

20
Q

Commonly used in qualitative research.

A

Purposive Sampling

21
Q

Researchers divide the population into subgroups (quotas) and select participants from each subgroup to ensure representation based on characteristics like age, gender, or income. The selection process is not random, so not all population members have an equal chance of participating.

A

Quota Sampling

22
Q

Existing participants recruit future participants from their network, particularly useful for studying hard-to-reach or specialized populations.

A

Snowball Sampling

23
Q

Starts with few known individuals who refer others, creating a chain of referrals.

A

Snowball Sampling

24
Q

Methods in Data Presentation

A
  • Textual Method
  • Tabular Method
  • Graphical Method
25
Q

Using written or descriptive explanations without tables or graphs. Involves narrating findings in sentences and paragraphs to convey insights.

A

Textual Method

26
Q

A structured ways of presenting data in rows and columns using table, organizes numerical or categorical data systematically for easy comprehension.

A

Tabular Method

27
Q

Visual representation of data using charts, graphs, or diagrams to simplify complex information and highlight trends, patterns, or relationships.

A

Graphical Method