Data Collection and Ethics in Research Flashcards
What are the process in research?
Define,
Narrow,
Gather,
Create
Develop,
Find,
Cite,
Write
It is the process of structuring techniques and strategies that help researchers solve their problems or answer their inquiry.
Research design
What are the approaches to qualitative research?
Ethnography,
Grounded theory,
Case study,
Phenomenology,
Historical approach,
Survey Research,
Correlational research,
Causal-comparative research,
Experimental research
This involves studying a particular group or population in the natural setting or
in their habitat. It aims to describe, analyze, and interpret behavior patterns, belief systems, and unique language of people in a particular culture of ethnicity. It is best used in
studying culture-sharing group in their natural environment. The culture-sharing group may
be a school, a family, or a community.
Ethnography
What is the technique used in ethnography?
Observation (data gathered are naturally observed; no alterations done in the environment; takes a long time to be finished)
This is commonly used to elicit different ideas, opinions, or beliefs from the respondents when a unified theoretical explanation is needed about an event, an action, or a process that fits the situation or actual work in practice. It involves construction of hypotheses and theories through the collecting and analysis of data.
Grounded Theory
What is the technique use in grounded theory?
Series of data gathering procedures to validate info gathered from the participants (interview, observations, focus groups)
This is done when a researcher would want to know the deeper details about a certain situation, event, activity, process, and even a group of individuals.
The analysis unit in this approach may be a single case or multicases.
Case study
What is the technique use in case study?
observation, interviews, anecdotal documentations
This describes the common meaning of several individuals’ lived experiences about a phenomenon. The purpose of this approach is to generate a universal description of a phenomenon from its several individual contexts. Drawing out relationships and patterns of gathered data are done to gain deeper understanding about the experiences and the research respondents.
Phenomenology
What are the techniques used in Phenomenology?
observation, interview
This is a systematic collection and evaluation of information, which may include documents, stories, and artifacts to describe, explain, and eventually understand events and actions that happened in the past.
Historical approach
Techniques used in historical approach?
evaluation of documents
This is the most fundamental tool for all quantitative outcome research methodologies and studies. Surveys are used to ask questions to a sample of respondents, using various types such as online, paper questionnaires, web-intercept surveys, etc.
This is used by a small or big orgs. to understand the customer behavior. A pre-requisite for this type of research is that sample of respondents must have randomly selected members to maintain the accuracy of obtained results.
Survey research
What are the 2 types of survey?
Cross-sectional and longitudinal
This is a survey conducted in situations where the research intends to collect data from a sample of the target population at a given point in time.
Ex. Determine how many people in a community engage in smoking, survey that asks the participants whether they have a history of mental illness
Cross-sectional study
This are surveys conducted across various time durations to observe a change in respondent behavior and thought-processes. This time can be days, months, years or even decades.
Ex. a study on the change of buying habits of teenagers over 5 years, study on the change in the market trend
Longitudinal study
This is conducted to establish a relationship between two closely-knit entities and how one impacts the other and what are the change that are eventually observed. Patterns, relationships, and trends between variables/entities are concluded as they exist in their original setup.
Correlational research
This research method mainly depends on the factor of
comparison. This method is used by researchers to conclude the cause-effect equation between two or more variables.
Causal-comparative research
This research method is reliant on a theory. This theory has not been proven in the past and is merely a supposition.
An analysis is done around proving or disproving the statement.
Experimental research
What are the advantages of sampling?
- saves time, effort, resources
- minimizes casualties
- paves the way for thorough investigation
- allows easy data handling collection and analysis
It involves information-rich cases that manifest the phenomenon
intensely, but not extremely (e.g., good students and poor students, above average and
below average)
Intensity sampling
It selects all cases that meet some predetermined criterion. This
strategy is typically applied when considering quality assurance issues.
Criterion sampling
What are the classifications of data according to source?
Primary - directly by the researcher (Conducting surveys, interviews, or experiments to gather firsthand information.)
secondary data - collected by someone else (e.g. books, government reports, past research, or online databases.)
What are the ethics in research?
Beneficence (minimize harm and maximize benefits)
Respect (for human dignity and right to full disclosure)
Justice (right to fair treatment and right to privacy)
Transparency
