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A-Level Maths > Data Collection > Flashcards

Data Collection Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Census?

A

A data collection method where the entire populations data is collected.

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2
Q

What are the advantages of a Census?

A

It’s the most accurate method.

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of a Census?

A

It’s time consuming and expensive. It cannot be used if the data collection destroys the product (e.g. food sampling). It can be hard to process a large amount of data.

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4
Q

What is a Sample?

A

A selection of observations taken from a subset of the population which is used to find out information about the whole population.

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5
Q

What are the advantages of a Sample?

A

It’s less time consuming and cheaper. It produces fewer data to process. Fewer people have to respond.

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of a Sample?

A

It can be influenced by bias. It may not be as accurate as a census. The sample may not be large enough to represent the population.

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7
Q

What are sampling units?

A

The individual units of the population.

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8
Q

What is a sampling frame?

A

The sampling units in a list

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9
Q

What is random sampling?

A

Sampling where everyone in the population has an equal chance of being picked.

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10
Q

What is a simple random sample?

A

A simple random sample is where a sampling frame is assigned numbers and from this random members are picked out.

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11
Q

What are the two methods of a simple random sample?

A

A random number generator or lottery, where you assign each thing a number and then randomly decide which ones to choose.

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12
Q

What is a systematic sample?

A

Where required elements are chosen at intervals on a list.

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13
Q

How do you carry out a systematic sample?

A

You find out the intervals you will need and then randomly choose a number between the 0 and the first interval. Then go up in intervals until you have the required sample.

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14
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

Where the population is divided into strata (groups) and randomly chosen based off them. The proportion should be the same for each.

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15
Q

How do you calculate the sample you take from each stratum in Stratified sampling?

A

(Size of stratum / Population size) x Sample wanted

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16
Q

What are the advantages of a simple random sample?

A

Cheap and Easy. Free of Bias. Each member has an equal chance of being picked.

17
Q

What are the disadvantages of a simple random sample?

A

Unsuitable for large populations. Requires a sampling frame.

18
Q

What are the advantages of systematic sampling?

A

Quick and easy to use. Suitable for large populations.

19
Q

What are the disadvantages of systematic sampling?

A

Can introduce bias if the sampling frame isn’t random. Requires a sampling frame.

20
Q

What are the advantages of stratified sampling?

A

Reflects the structure of a population. Represents groups of a population within proportion.

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of stratified sampling?

A

The population must be in groups. When randomly picking from the groups it suffers from the same disadvantages as simple random sampling.

22
Q

What is non-random sampling?

A

Sampling which is not random.

23
Q

What is quota sampling?

A

Where a list of required things that reflect the whole population is needed in the sample and you pick those things to be sampled.

24
Q

What is opportunity sampling?

A

Where you take the sample from the first people you see.

25
Q

What are the advantages of quota sampling?

A

Doesn’t need a sampling frame. Allows a small sample to represent the population. Allows for comparison between groups. Cheap, quick and easy.

26
Q

What are the disadvantages of quota sampling?

A

Can introduce bias. Takes time to divide population into groups. Larger populations will have more groups making it more expensive and complicated.

27
Q

What are the advantages of opportunity sampling?

A

Cheap, Quick and Easy.

28
Q

What are the disadvantages of opportunity sampling?

A

Depends on just one researcher. Likely to produce bias.

29
Q

What are the three random sampling methods?

A

Simple Random, Systematic, Stratified.

30
Q

What are the two non-random sampling methods?

A

Quota and Opportunity.

31
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Data that has numbers in it. (e.g. shoe size)

32
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Data that doesn’t have numbers in it. (e.g. hair colour)

33
Q

What is continuous data?

A

Data that can be any value in a range. (e.g. time)

34
Q

What is discreet data?

A

Data that only takes specific values in a range. (e.g. how old someone is)

35
Q

What is a population?

A

A set of items that are of interest.

A-Level Maths (2 decks)

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