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Business Analytics > Data and Database Management > Flashcards

Data and Database Management Flashcards

1
Q

It is a collection of text, numbers, symbols, images, or videos in raw or unorganized form.

A

Data

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2
Q

What has to be processed or provided with a context, before it can have meaning?

A

Data

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3
Q

It describes the object under consideration using a finite set of discrete classes.

A

Qualitative or Categorical Data

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4
Q

This type of data can’t be counted or measured easily using numbers and therefore divided into categories.

A

Qualitative or Categorical Data

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4
Q

Since qualitative data can’t be counted or measured easily using numbers, it is therefore divided into what?

A

Categories

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5
Q

This type of data are usually extracted from audio, images, or text medium.

A

Qualitative or Categorical Data

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5
Q

What are the two subcategories of qualitative data?

A

Nominal
Ordinal

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5
Q

The values grouped into these categories have no meaningful order and no hierarchy.

A

Nominal

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6
Q

What are the examples of Nominal level values?

A

Gender
Occupation

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6
Q

These types of values have a natural ordering while maintaining their class of values.

A

Ordinal

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7
Q

What is the example for the Ordinal level value?

A

Ranking of student’s grades

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8
Q

This data type tries to quantify things and it does by considering numerical values that make it countable in nature.

A

Quantitative Data

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9
Q

What are the two subcategories of quantitative data?

A

Discrete
Continuous

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10
Q

The numerical values which fall under are integers.

A

Discrete

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10
Q

Which category is it where whole numbers are placed?

A

Discrete

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11
Q

What is the example of Discrete?

A

Number of clothes in a cabinet

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11
Q

The fractional numbers are considered as continuous values.

A

Continuous

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12
Q

What are the examples of Continuous?

A

Days in a week
Months in a year

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13
Q

It is an organized or classified data, which has some meaningful values for the receiver.

A

Information

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14
Q

It is the processed data on which decisions and actions are based.

A

Information

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15
Q

For the decision to be meaningful, the processed data must qualify what characteristics?

(CAT)

A

Completeness
Accuracy
Timely

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16
Q

This characteristic of information means that it should be available when required.

A

Timely

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16
Q

This characteristic of information means that it should be accurate.

A

Accuracy

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17
Q

This characteristic of information means that it should be complete.

A

Completeness

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17
Q

It refers to the raw input that when processed or arranged, makes meaningful output.

A

Data

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18
Q

It is usually the processed outcome of data.

A

Information

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19
Q

What happens when data is processed into information?

A

It becomes interpretable and gains significance.

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20
Q

What is done before data becomes interpretable and gains significance?

A

Data is processed into information

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21
Q

What is the equation for information?

A

Data + Meaning = Information

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22
Q

It is produced as a result of understanding the given information and using that information to gain knowledge of how to solve problems.

A

Knowledge

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22
Q

Knowledge can be what?

A
  • Acquiring and remembering a set of facts
  • The use of information to solve problems
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23
Q

What are the two types of knowledge?

A

Explicit Knowledge
Tacit Knowledge

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24
Q

It is the acquisition by a person of information or the understanding of information.

A

Explicit Knowledge

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25
Q

This knowledge can be easily passed on to others.

A

Explicit Knowledge

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25
Q

Most forms of explicit knowledge can easily be stored in certain media like what?

A

Documents
Books
Computers

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26
Q

This is documented information that can facilitate action.

A

Explicit Knowledge

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27
Q

This type of knowledge can be easily identified, articulated, shared, and used.

A

Explicit Knowledge

28
Q

What are the good examples of Explicit Knowledge?

A

Encyclopedias
Textbooks

29
Q

This knowledge is difficult to pass on to someone else.

A

Tacit Knowledge

30
Q

This knowledge is embedded in the human mind through experience and jobs.

A

Tacit Knowledge

31
Q

This knowledge includes insights and intuitions.

A

Tacit Knowledge

32
Q

What is the fragmented pieces of symbols and characters threaded together?

33
Q

What is the refined data?

A

Information

34
Q

What do you call the useful information?

35
Q

What can give you a lack of context when looked at singularly?

36
Q

What can give you context to data?

A

Information

37
Q

What can give you depth in understanding an information?

38
Q

What is the outcome for information and knowledge?

A

Information = Comprehension
Knowledge = Understanding

39
Q

What is incomprehensible independently?

40
Q

What is amplifies consciousness?

What is meaningless without being compiled into a sensible structure?

What improves representation?

A
  1. Knowledge
  2. Data
  3. Information
41
Q

What are not sufficient to make any predictions?

A

Data and Knowledge

42
Q

What do you call when prediction is possible if one possesses the require experience?

43
Q

What is the data that is connected together to form a statement?

What cannot make any statements?

What brings the ability to have a deduced conclusion using pieces of information?

A
  1. Information
  2. Data
  3. Knowledge
44
Q

What cannot independently be a basis for question formation?

What is a text that answers the ‘how’ and ‘why’?

What is a text that answers the ‘who’ ‘what’ ‘when’ and ‘where’?

A
  1. Data
  2. Knowledge
  3. Information
45
Q

It is the interdisciplinary process of creating, using, sharing, and maintaining an organization’s information and knowledge.

A

Knowledge Management

46
Q

It is a multi-faceted strategy for making the best use of organizational knowledge assets in order to achieve business objectives.

A

Knowledge Management

47
Q

What are the business objectives under Knowledge Management?

(BESIC)

A

Boosting innovation
Enhancing competitive advantage
Sharing insights
Improving performance
Continuously improving the organization

48
Q

It is part of the organizational learning process.

A

Knowledge Management

49
Q

What focuses on the strategic management of knowledge as a shareable business asset?

A

Knowledge Management

50
Q

What is the core goal of knowledge Management?

(What, Where, Why, Who)

A

What: Connect people looking for knowledge
Where: Within the organization
Why: Increase overall knowledge level
Who: Team and Organization

51
Q

Four Knowledge Management Objectives

(SIMI)

A

Streamlining and enhancing the KE (knowledge environment)

Improving the KCP (knowledge capture process)

Maintaining knowledge as an OA (organizational asset)

Increasing asset to OK (organizational knowledge)

52
Q

It is an organized collection of information that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.

53
Q

What can typically contain aggregations of data records or files, containing information about sales transactions or interactions with specific customers?

A

Computer Databases

54
Q

Who provides the users with access to some permissions in a database?

A

Database Managers

55
Q

Database Managers provides users with what?

(ASA)

A

Ability to control read/write access
Specifically report generation
Analyze usage

56
Q

What does the abbrev. in ACID compliance mean?

A

Atomicity
Consistency
Isolation
Durability

57
Q

What do some databases offer to guarantee that data is consistent and that transactions are complete?

A

ACID Compliance

58
Q

Who, where, when did the relational database was invented?

A

Who: E.F. Codd
Where: IBM
When: 1970

59
Q

What are the types of databases?

(OG-NCRD)

A

Object-oriented Database
Graph Database
NoSQL Database
Cloud Database
Relational Database
Distributed Database

60
Q

It is a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways.

A

Relational Database

61
Q

It is made up of a set of tables with data that fits into a predefined category, where each table has at least one data category in the columns.

A

Relational Database

62
Q

It is the standard user and application program interface for a relational database.

63
Q

What does SQL stand for?

A

Standard Query Language

64
Q

These are easy to extend, and a new data category can be added after the original database creation without requiring to modify all the existing applications.

A

Relational Database

65
Q

In a Relational Database, what can be added after the original database creation?

A

New data category

66
Q

It is a database in which portions of the database are stored in multiple physical locations.

A

Distributed Database

67
Q

Distributed Database can be what?

A

Homogeneous
Heterogeneous

68
Q

What do you call the kind of Distributed Database where the physical locations have the same underlying hardware and run the same OS and DB Applications?

A

Homogeneous Distributed Database

69
Q

What kind of Distributed Database is it when the hardware, OS, and DB applications are different in every location?

A

Heterogeneous Distributed Database

70
Q

It is a database that has been optimized or built for a virtualized environment, either in a hybrid, public, or private.

A

Cloud Database

71
Q

What are the benefits that the Cloud Database provides?

A

Ability to pay for Storage Capacity and Bandwidth on a per-use basis

Provide scalability on demand

Highly available

72
Q

Cloud Database gives enterprises the opportunity to support business applications in what?

A

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

73
Q

What kind of data base is useful for large sets of distributed data?

A

NoSQL Database

74
Q

What are effective for big data performance issues that relational databases aren’t built to solve?

A

NoSQL Database

75
Q

What are most effective when an organization must analyze large chunks of unstructured data or data stored across multiple virtual servers in the cloud?

A

NoSQL Database

76
Q

Where do the items created using object-oriented programming languages are often stored?

A

Relational Database

77
Q

It is organized around objects rather than actions, and data rather than logic.

A

Object-oriented Database

78
Q

It is a type of NoSQL database that uses graph theory to store, map, and query relationships.

A

Graph Database

79
Q

It’s basically collections of nodes and edges.

A

Graph Database

80
Q

What do the nodes and edges represent in a Graph Database?

A

Nodes - an entity
Edges - connection between nodes

81
Q

What is growing in popularity for analyzing interconnections?

A

Graph Database

82
Q

It is a declarative programming language and protocol for graph database analytics that Graph Databases often use.

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