Data Analysis - Graphs And Statistics Flashcards

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1
Q

Mean

A

Adding up all the values in a data set and dividing by the number of values there are

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2
Q

Mode

A

Most frequently occurring value in a set of data
Two modes = bi-modal
Can have no modes

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3
Q

Median

A

The central value in a set of data when the values are ranged from lowest to highest

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4
Q

Range

A

Subtracting the lowest score from the high score

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5
Q

Standard deviation

A

The larger, the value of standard deviation, the greater the spread or dispersion within the set of data
The lower the value of standard deviation means the data is tightly clustered around them around the main meaning. Participants responded similarly
Standard deviation of 0 means all participants performed the same

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6
Q

Summary table

A

Measures of central tendency
Measures of dispersion
Provides a clear summary of data

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7
Q

Bar chart

A

Data is in categories
Columns do not touch

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8
Q

Histogram

A

Represents data on a continuous scale
Columns touch
The height of the column shows the frequency of values

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9
Q

Scattergram

A

Used for measuring the relationship between two variables
The pattern of plotted points reveals different types of correlation

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10
Q

Normal distribution

A

Is symmetrical
The mean, mode and median are all at the same point with very few people at extreme ends

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11
Q

Skewed distribution

A

A spread of frequency data that is not symmetrical and data is clustered on one end
Positively skewed - Distribution is concentrated towards the left, mean is higher than the median and mode
Negatively skewed - Distribution is concentrated towards the right, mean is lower than the median and mode

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12
Q

Primary Data

A

Information that has been obtained first hand by a researcher for the purpose of a research project

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13
Q

Secondary Data

A

Information that has already been collects by someone else and pre-dates the current research project

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14
Q

Meta-Analysis

A

The process of combining the findings from a number of studies on a particular topic into an overall statistical conclusion

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15
Q

Evaluation - Qualitative Data (STRENGTH)

A

Rich with detail
Respondent can fully report their thoughts, feelings and opinions
Higher external validity

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16
Q

Evaluation - Qualitative Data (WEAKNESS)

A

Data often difficult to analyse
Conclusions often rely on subjective interpretations of the researcher (may be subject to bias)

17
Q

Evaluation - Quantitative Data (STRENGTH)

A

Easy to analyse
Comparisons can be easily drawn
Data is more objective and less open to bias

18
Q

Evaluation - Quantitative Data (WEAKNESS)

A

Much narrower in meaning and detail
May fail to represent real-life

19
Q

Evaluation - Primary Data (STRENGTH)

A

Authentic data obtained from participants

20
Q

Evaluation - Primary Data (WEAKNESS)

A

Requires time, effort, considerable planning, preparation and resources

21
Q

Evaluation - Secondary Data (STRENGTH)

A

Inexpensive
Easily accessible
Quick

22
Q

Evaluation - Secondary Data (WEAKNESS)

A

May be variation in the quality and accuracy of the data
May be outdated and incompatible
Data may not match the researcher’s needs
May challenge the validity of any conclusions

23
Q

Evaluation - Meta-Analysis (STRENGTH)

A

Can create a larger, more varied sample
Results can be generalised across larger populations
Increases validity

24
Q

Evaluation - Meta-Analysis (WEAKNESS)

A

May be prone to publication bias
Researcher may not select all relevant studies
Conclusions will be biased because they only represent some of the relevant data