Data Analysis: Graphs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a bar chart and when is it used

A

-type of graph in which the frequency of each variable is represented by the height of the bars
-used when data is divided into categories(discrete)

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2
Q

What is a scattergram and what does it show

A

-type of graph that represents the strength and direction of a relationship between co-variables in a correlational analysis

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3
Q

What is a histogram and when is it used

A

-bars touch each other, x-axis made up of equal sized intervals of a single category and y-axis represents the frequency within each interval
-used when data is continuous

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4
Q

What is a line graph

A

-represents continuous data and uses points connected by lines to show how something changes in value as a variable changes

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5
Q

Where do IV and DV go on a line graph

A

-IV on x-axis
-DV on y-axis

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6
Q

What is normal distribution

A

When there is a symmetrical spread of frequency data that forms a bell-shaped pattern.
-tails of curve which extend outwards never touch the horizontal axis

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7
Q

Where are the mean, median and mode located on normal distribution graph

A

-all located at the highest peak of the graph

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8
Q

What is skewed distribution

A

-spread of frequency data that is not symmetrical as data clusters to one end

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9
Q

What is positive skew

A

Type of distribution in which the long tail is on the positive(right) side of the peak

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10
Q

Where are the mode, median and mean in positive skew graph

A

Mode remains at highest point of peak, then median to the right of this and mean dragged furthest to the right

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11
Q

What is negative skew

A

Type of distribution in which the long tail is on the negative(left) side of the peak

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12
Q

Where are the mode, median and mean located in a negative skew graph

A

-mode still at peak of the graph, median to the left of this and mean pulled furthest to the left

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13
Q

Why are graphs used

A

They provide a way to visually represent data so that trends can be identified

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14
Q

Why are statistics used

A

Allow us to make sense of and interpret large amounts of information

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15
Q

What is probability

A

Numerical measure of the likelihood that certain events will happen

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16
Q

What value can probability of results happening by chance be

A

-0.05 so 5% probability the results happened by chance, must be 95% confident the change in the IV caused the DV to accept an alternative hypothesis

17
Q

What is significance

A

When the difference between two sets of data is greater than would happen by chance

18
Q

What criteria determine use of sign test

A

Must be investigating a difference, using a repeating measures design and nominal data