Data Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a positive correlation?

A

As one variable increases so does the other

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2
Q

What is negative correlation?

A

As one variables increases, the other variable decreases

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3
Q

What is zero correlation?

A

Occurs when a correlational study finds no relationship between variables

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4
Q

What is the correlation coefficient used to measure?

A

The strength and nature (positive or negative) of the relationship between 2 co-variables
Can range between -1 and +1
Perfect positive correlation has a correlation coefficient of +1
Perfect negative correlation is -1

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5
Q

What do correlational studies measure?

A

The strength of a relationship between 2 or more variables

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6
Q

When can correlational studies be used?

A

When a laboratory experiment would be unethical
Secondary data can be used in correlational studies which alleviates the concern over informed consent as the information is already in the public domain

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7
Q

Is it possible to establish a cause and effect relationship through correlating co-variables?

A

No

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8
Q

What is the third variable problem?

A

As a cause and effect relationship cannot be established, a researcher cannot conclude that one variable causes the other variable to increase/decrease as there could be other factors which influenced the relationship

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9
Q

Do correlations identify curvilinear relationships as well as linear?

A

No- correlations only identify linear relationships- not curvilinear.

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10
Q

What does curvilinear mean?

A

The relationship is positive to a point then it declines once one variables reaches high limits

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11
Q

What is primary data sometimes called?

A

Field research

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12
Q

What is secondary data sometimes called?

A

Desk research

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13
Q

What is a meta-analysis?

A

A process in which data from lots of studies that use the same techniques and research questions are combined
A statistical analysis is then performed on the results of these studies to produce an effect size as the dependent variable in order to assess overall trends

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14
Q

What type of data does meta-analysis use?

A

Secondary data

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15
Q

What are the stats for normal distribution?

A

68% of the data is collected around the middle, 27% is on the outside and roughly 4% is around the edges

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16
Q

What percentage of people will lie within 1 standard deviation below the mean in a normal distribution?

A

14%

17
Q

What produces positive skew?

A

Data when the mean is higher than the median

18
Q

What produces negative skew?

A

Date when the median is higher than the mean