Data Flashcards
What number systems are used in microprocessors
Binary (Base-2) Decimal (Base-10) Hexadecimal (Base-16)
How do unsigned and signed integers differ
Unsigned integers represent only positive values while signed integers use Two’s Complement for positive and negative values
How do you convert a number to Two’s Complement
Flip all bits and add 1
What’s the difference between fixed-point and floating-point numbers
Fixed-point has a predefined binary point position while floating-point uses mantissa and exponent for dynamic scaling
How does BCD represent numbers
Each decimal digit is represented by a 4-bit binary value (e.g. 9 → 1001)
How do ASCII and Unicode differ
ASCII (7-bit) supports 128 characters while Unicode (32-bit) supports 110000+ symbols for multiple languages
How is Boolean data represented
1 for True 0 for False commonly used in microprocessor flags
What are the two main types of memory organization
Word-Addressable (fixed-size words) and Byte-Addressable (each byte has a unique address)
Explain Little and Big Endian formats
Little Endian stores the least significant byte first while Big Endian stores the most significant byte first
When is the Zero Flag set
When the result of an operation is zero
What does the Carry Flag indicate
A carry out from the MSB used in multi-word arithmetic
When is the Overflow Flag set
When a signed integer operation result exceeds the representable range
What does the Negative Flag indicate
The result is negative when the MSB of the result is 1
What does the Half-Carry Flag indicate
A carry from the lower nibble (4 bits) often used in BCD operations
What arithmetic operations are supported
Addition Subtraction Comparison Negation
