Data Flashcards
What is data?
Data is raw facts and figures
What is information?
Data that has been processed by the computer and given context
What is knowledge?
Information that has been given an application
What is data collection?
The process of gathering data
Why is data collected?
To gather information in a measured and systematic manner ensuring accuracy and allow for data analysis
What are methods of data collection?
Use of autonomous devices
Passive and active data collection
Manual Data collection
Use of Usage Data
What is passive data collection?
Data that is collected without the participant’s involvement, working without the person realising that data is being gathered
What is active data collection?
Data that is collected by requesting it from the person and requires the person to actively provide the data
What is usage data?
Data about how a product or service is used
What is manual data collection?
Data that is collected by humans manually and in a traditional fashion
How do autonomous devices work in regards of data collection?
Autonomous devices have the ability to make their own decisions and with the use of sensors and softwares, have the ability to gather relevant information
What are methods of manual data collection?
Interviews (single or group)
Questionnaires
Observation
How should data be collected legally?
With explicit consent from those whom the data is being collected and following the GDPR
What does the GDPR mean?
General Data Protection Regulation
What are the 5 key principles of the GDPR?
1) Contracts must be fair and transparent
2) Cannot ask for more information than needed
3) Misleading/Incorrect/Missing data must be corrected
4) Confidentiality of data must be guaranteed
5) Data must be deleted after it’s intended duration of time
What is data stored as in the lowest level of computing?
Binary
What is the lowest level of binary called?
A bit
4 bits make a?
Nibble
8 bits make a?
Byte
What does ASCII stand for?
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
What is ASCII?
ASCII is a well-known simple and early character set only using a 7-bit set meaning 128 different characters can be stored, which caused it to be replaced by Unicode which offered 137,000 different characters.
What is sound stored?
Sound starts off in an analogue form which is the sound waves,
Then using a analogue-to-digital converter, the sound is converted into a digital form through sampling.
What is sound sampling?
also known as signal processing, it is the process of measuring sound waves at regular intervals to convert each sample to its binary equivalent
What is the sample rate of sound?
The number of samples recorded over a period of time
What is the sample frequency of sound?
The frequency in which a sample is taken
What is the sample resolution?
The number of bits needed to represent each sample collected
How do you calculate the storage space required to store a sound file?
File Size = Sample Rate * Sample Resolution * Length of sound
What are the 2 ways images can be stored as?
Vector graphics
Bitmap Images
What is a bitmap image?
An image that contains a number of pixels which all store a binary value, used to represent a colour. They cannot be scaled and require less storage.
What is a vector graphics?
Vector graphics are made up of mathematical equations that join up lines and curves to make images, they can be scaled however require more storage.
What are the advanced storage solutions?
RAID
NAS
High availability Storage
SAN
Clouded Storage
Hosted Storage
What does RAID stand for?
Redundant array of inexpensive disk
What is RAID?
A method of increase and improve the responsiveness and resilience of SSDs and HDD
What does RAID 0 offer?
Improves performance and additional storage but doesn’t provide fault tolerance
What does RAID 1 offer?
Each disk has the same information uploaded providing a backup therefore requiring at least 2 disks, its upload speed is decreased.
What does RAID 3-6 offer?
Requires 3 disks or more, provides fault tolerance and parity checks and error correction, you lose storage space to increase redundancy
What does NAS stand for?
Network Attached Storage
What is NAS?
A file-level storage system connected to a computer network, allowing multiple users and devices to access and share files. It’s also easy to manage
What is high availability storage?
A storage system that operates continuously providing 99.999% uptime, this storage system ensures that data is stored in multiple locations.
What does SAN stand for?
Storage area networks usage
What is SAN?
A dedicated, independent high-speed network that interconnects and delivers shared storage. It’s a local network made up of multiple devices which is fast but expensive
