dark night

Question 1

wreckage / rekɪdʒ /

Answer 1

the parts of something such as a plane, ship, or building that are left after it has been destroyed in an accident :
Firemen managed to pull some survivors from the wreckage.
wreckage of
Accident investigators will examine the wreckage of the plane.

Question 2

compromise/ kɒmprəmaɪz /

Answer 2

to reach an agreement in which everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first :
She admitted that she was unable to compromise.
compromise with
His workmates demanded that he never compromise with the bosses.
compromise on
The new regime was prepared to compromise on the oil dispute.

Question 3

re‧peal / rɪpil / verb

Answer 3

if a government repeals a law, it officially ends that law

Question 4

watch

Answer 4

a period of time when it is someone’s duty to stay somewhere and look for signs of danger :
The first watch is from now until midnight.
on watch
Who’s on watch tonight?

Question 5

thug / θʌɡ / noun

Answer 5

a violent man :

He was beaten up by a gang of young thugs.

Question 6

cape / keɪp / noun

Answer 6

1 a long loose piece of clothing without sleeve s that fastens around your neck and hangs from your shoulders
2 a large piece of land surrounded on three sides by water

Question 7

chow 1 / tʃaʊ / noun

Answer 7

old-fashioned informal food :

I ordered some chow and sat down.

Question 8

in‧mate / ɪnmeɪt / noun

Answer 8

someone who is being kept in a prison

Question 9

cog / kɒɡ $ kɑɡ / noun

Answer 9

1 a wheel with small bits sticking out around the edge that fit together with the bits of another wheel as they turn in a machine
2 a cog in the machine/wheel someone who only has a small unimportant job in a large organization

Question 10

Mason jar

Answer 10

American English a glass pot with a tight lid, used for preserving fruit and vegetables

Question 11

crip‧ple 1 / krɪp ə l / noun

Answer 11

1 old-fashioned someone who is unable to walk properly because their legs are damaged or injured – now considered offensive → disabled
2 emotional cripple informal someone who cannot express their feelings to other people – used to show disapproval

Question 12

fence / fens / verb

Answer 12

fence somebody/something ↔ in phrasal verb
1 to surround a place with a fence :
The yard was fenced in to keep out wolves.
2 to make someone feel that they cannot leave a place or do what they want :
Young mothers often feel fenced in at home.

Question 13

war‧rant 1 / wɒrənt $ wɔ-, wɑ- / noun

Answer 13

a legal document that is signed by a judge, allowing the police to take a particular action
warrant for
The magistrate issued a warrant for his arrest. → death warrant , search warrant

Question 14

sew‧er / sjuə,suə $ suər / noun

Answer 14

a pipe or passage under the ground that carries away waste material and used water from houses, factories etc

Question 15

bab‧ble 1 / bæb ə l / verb

Answer 15

1 [ intransitive and transitive ] to speak quickly in a way that is difficult to understand or sounds silly :
I have no idea what he was babbling on about.
2 [ intransitive ] to make a sound like water moving over stones

Question 16

fos‧ter 1 / fɒstə $ fɑstər / verb

Answer 16

to take someone else’s child into your family for a period of time but without becoming their legal parent → adopt :
The couple wanted to adopt a black child they had been fostering.

Question 17

re‧cluse / rɪklus $ reklus / noun

Answer 17

someone who chooses to live alone, and does not like seeing or talking to other people :
She became a recluse after her two sons were murdered.

Question 18

e‧go / iɡəʊ, eɡəʊ $ -ɡoʊ / noun

Answer 18

the opinion that you have about yourself
big/enormous etc ego
Richard has the biggest ego (= thinks he is very clever and important ) of anyone I’ve ever met.
That promotion really boosted her ego (= made her feel better about herself ) .
I need someone to massage my bruised ego (= when you feel less confident than before ) .
a fragile ego → alter ego

Question 19

ap‧a‧thy / æpəθi / noun

Answer 19

the feeling of not being interested in something, and not willing to make any effort to change or improve things :
The campaign failed because of public apathy.

Question 20

bra‧zen 1 / breɪz ə n / adjective

Answer 20

used to describe a person, or the actions of a person, who is not embarrassed about behaving in a wrong or immoral way :
her brazen admission that she was cheating on him

Question 21

ec‧cen‧tric 1 / ɪksentrɪk / adjective

Answer 21

behaving in a way that is unusual and different from most people :
His eccentric behaviour lost him his job.
Aunt Nessy was always a bit eccentric.

Question 22

crook 1 / krʊk / noun

Answer 22

1 informal a dishonest person or a criminal :
The crooks got away across the park.
2 a long stick with a curved end, used by people who look after sheep
3 the crook of your arm the part of your arm where it bends

Question 23

con‧de‧scend / kɒndɪsend $ kɑn- / verb

Answer 23

1 to behave as if you think you are better, more intelligent, or more important than other people – used to show disapproval
condescend to
Take care not to condescend to your readers.
2 to do something in a way that shows you think it is below your social or professional position – used to show disapproval
condescend to do something
‘Yes. I know,’ Clara said, condescending to look at Rose for the first time.

—

Question 24

man‧or / ‘mænə $ -ər / noun

Answer 24

1 ( also manor house ) a big old house with a large area of land around it
2 the land that belonged to an important man, under the feudal system

Question 25

re‧gen‧cy /’ridʒ ə nsi / noun

Answer 25

1 a period of government by a regent (= person who governs instead of a king or queen )
2 office of a regent

Question 26

cry‧o‧gen‧ics / kraɪədʒenɪks / noun

Answer 26

the scientific study of very low temperatures

Question 27

fun‧nel 1 / ‘fʌnl / verb

Answer 27

1 if you funnel something somewhere, or if it funnels there, it goes there by passing through a narrow opening :
Police at the barriers funnelled the crowd into the arena.
Incoming tides funnel up the channel with enormous power.
2 to send money, information etc from various places to someone SYN channel :
His office funneled millions of dollars in secret contributions to the re-election campaign.

Question 28

fun‧nel 1 / fʌnl / noun

Answer 28

1 a thin tube with a wide top that you use for pouring liquid into a container with a narrow opening, such as a bottle
steamship to get out

Question 29

‘moth‧ball 1 / ‘mɒθbɔl $ mɒθbɒl / noun

Answer 29

1a small ball made of a strong-smelling chemical, used for keeping moths away from clothes
2 in/into mothballs kept but not used for a long time :
With the end of the Cold War, several warships were put into mothballs.

Question 30

moth / mɒθ $ mɒθ / noun

Answer 30

an insect related to the butterfly that flies mainly at night and is attracted to lights. Some moths eat holes in cloth.

Question 31

for old times’ sake

Answer 31

if you do something for old times’ sake, you do it in order to remember a happy time in the past Do you want to have lunch together sometime, just for old times’ sake?

Question 32

con‧sol‧i‧date / kən’sɒlədeɪt, / verb

Answer 32

to strengthen the position of power or success that you have, so that it becomes more effective or continues for longer :
The company has consolidated its position as the country’s leading gas supplier.
The team consolidated their lead with a third goal.

Question 33

pro‧to‧type / ‘prəʊtətaɪp $ ‘proʊ- /none

Answer 33

the first form that a new design of a car, machine etc has, or a model of it used to test the design before it is produced
prototype of/for
a working prototype of the new car

Question 34

ma‧noeu‧vre 1 British English , maneuver American English / mə’nuvə $ -ər / noun

Answer 34

manoeuvres [ plural ] military activities, such as pretending to fight a battle, which are done as practice or training SYN exercises :
Large-scale military manoeuvres are being carried out near the border.
on manoeuvres
troops on night manoeuvres

Question 35

pit 1 / pɪt / noun

Answer 35

1 hole
a) a hole in the ground, especially one made by digging :
The female digs a pit in which to lay the eggs.
a five-foot deep pit → sandpit
b) a large hole in the ground from which stones or minerals are obtained by digging
gravel/sand/chalk pit

Question 36

men‧tor 1 / ‘mentɔ $ -tɔr / noun

Answer 36

an experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person

Question 37

ex‧com‧mu‧ni‧cate / ekskə’mjunəkeɪt, ekskə’mjunɪkeɪt / verb

Answer 37

to punish someone by no longer allowing them to be a member of the Roman Catholic church

Question 38

trifle with somebody/something / ‘traɪf ə l /

Answer 38

to treat someone or something without respect or not in a serious way :
He’s not a man to be trifled with.
men who trifle with women’s affections

Question 39

flip a coin

Answer 39

toss a coin

Question 40

take something ↔ down phrasal verb

Answer 40

1 to move something that is fixed in a high position to a lower position :
She made us take down all the posters.
2 to write down information :
Can I just take some details down?
3 to pull a piece of clothing such as trousers part of the way down your legs

Question 41

Cat got your tongue

Answer 41

spoken used to ask someone why they are not talking

Question 42

re‧sur‧gent / rɪ’sɜdʒ ə nt $ -ɜr- / adjective

Answer 42

growing and becoming more popular, after a period of quietness :
resurgent fascism

Question 43

dare / deə $ der / verb , modal verb

Answer 43

1 to be brave enough to do something that is risky or that you are afraid to do used especially in questions or negative sentences :
He wanted to ask her, but he didn’t dare.
‘I’ll tell Dad.’ ‘You wouldn’t dare!’
dare (to) do something
I daren’t go home.
Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.
She hardly dared hope that he was alive.
Dare we admit this?

Question 44

bloat‧ed / ‘bləʊtəd, ‘bləʊtɪd $ ‘bloʊ- / adjective

Answer 44

1 full of liquid, gas, food etc, so that you look or feel much larger than normal : a red bloated face
I feel really bloated after that meal.
2 if you describe an organization as bloated, you mean that it is too big and does not work effectively :
the bloated state bureaucracy

Question 45

the meeting will now come to order

Answer 45

everyone must now be quiet since the meeting is about to begin.

Question 46

prim / prɪm / adjective

Answer 46

1 very formal and careful in the way you speak and behave, and easily shocked by anything rude :
She looked prim and nervous in her best hat and coat.
a very prim and proper young lady
2 prim clothes are neat and formal :
a prim suit

Question 47

det‧o‧na‧tor / ‘detəneɪtə $ -ər /

Answer 47

a piece of equipment used to make a bomb etc explode

Question 48

flee / fli / verb ( past tense and past participle fled / fled / )

Answer 48

to leave somewhere very quickly, in order to escape from danger :
His attackers turned and fled.
Masaari spent six months in prison before fleeing the country .
flee to/from/into
Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War II.

Question 49

re‧con‧nais‧sance / rɪkɒnəs ə ns, rɪkɒnɪs ə ns $ rɪkɑ- / noun

Answer 49

the military activity of sending soldiers and aircraft to find out about the enemy’s forces :
reconnaissance aircraft
a reconnaissance mission
wartime roles such as observation and reconnaissance

Question 50

det‧o‧nate / ‘detəneɪt / verb

Answer 50

to explode or to make something explode

Question 51

emissary / ‘eməs ə ri, ‘emɪs ə ri $ -seri / noun

Answer 51

someone who is sent with an official message or to do official work SYN envoy :
Japan is sending two emissaries to Washington to discuss trade issues.

Question 52

op‧pres‧sion / ə’preʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ]

Answer 52

when someone treats a group of people unfairly or cruelly and prevents them from having the same rights as other people have → discrimination
political/racial/sexual etc oppression
They suffered years of political oppression.
the struggle against oppression

Question 53

lan‧guish / læŋɡwɪʃ / verb [ intransitive ]

Answer 53

1 if someone languishes somewhere, they are forced to remain in a place where they are unhappy
languish in
Shaw languished in jail for fifteen years.
2 if something languishes, it fails to improve and develop or become successful → founder OPP flourish :
The housing market continues to languish.
The shares are languishing at just 46p after yesterday’s fall.
West Ham United are currently languishing at the bottom of the league.

Question 54

pa‧role 1 / pə’rəʊl $ -roʊl / noun [ uncountable ]

Answer 54

permission for someone to leave prison, on the condition that they promise to behave well
on parole
He was released on parole after serving two years.
She will become eligible for parole in 19 months.

Question 55

filth / fɪlθ / noun

Answer 55

1 [ uncountable ] very offensive language, stories, or pictures about sex :
I don’t know how you can watch that filth!
2 [ uncountable ] dirt, especially a lot of it :
a mound of filth and rubbish
people living in filth
Passing cars covered his shoes with filth.
3 the filth British English informal an offensive word for the police

Question 56

plunge 1 / plʌndʒ / verb

Answer 56

1 [ I, T always + adv/prep ] to move, fall, or be thrown suddenly forwards or downwards
plunge off/into etc
Her car swerved and plunged off the cliff.
Both the climbers had plunged to their deaths .
2 [ intransitive ] if a price, rate etc plunges, it suddenly decreases by a large amount :
The unemployment rate plunged sharply.
plunge to
Oil prices have plunged to a new low .
In the recession, the company’s profits plunged 60%.

Question 57

en‧dure / ɪndjʊə $ ɪndʊr / verb

Answer 57

[ transitive ] to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining :
It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain.
endure doing something
He can’t endure being apart from me.

Question 58

shed blood

Answer 58

to kill or injure people, especially during a war or a fight :
Too much blood has already been shed in this conflict. → bloodshed

Question 59

plague 1 / pleɪɡ / noun

Answer 59

a disease that causes death and spreads quickly to a large number of people :
drops in population levels due to plagues and famines

Question 60

fum‧ble /’ fʌmb ə l / verb

Answer 60

1 ( also fumble around ) [ intransitive and transitive ] to try to hold, move, or find something with your hands in an awkward way
fumble at/in/with
She dressed, her cold fingers fumbling with the buttons.
fumble for
I fumbled around in my bag for a cigarette.
She reached round to fumble the light on.
2 [ intransitive and transitive ] if you fumble with your words when you are speaking, you have difficulty saying something
fumble for
Asked for an explanation, Mike had fumbled for words.
The second candidate fumbled her lines.

Question 61

per‧pet‧u‧al / pə’petʃuəl $ pər- / adjective [ usually before noun ]

Answer 61

1 continuing all the time without changing or stopping SYN continuous :
the perpetual noise of the machines
a little girl with a perpetual smile
2 repeated many times in a way that annoys you SYN continual :
my mother’s perpetual nagging
3 literary permanent :
the perpetual snows of the mountaintops

Question 62

ag‧o‧ny / æɡəni / noun ( plural agonies ) [ uncountable and countable ]

Answer 62

1 very severe pain :  
the agony of arthritis 
in agony 
I was in agony. 
He groaned in agony. 
2 a very sad, difficult, or unpleasant experience :  
It was agony not knowing if she would live. 
agony of 
He was in agonies of remorse.

Question 63

bay 1 / beɪ / verb

Answer 63

1 if a dog bays, it makes a long high noise, especially when it is chasing something SYN howl :
dogs baying at the moon
2 to make strong demands to get answers to questions or force someone to give you something
bay for
Reporters began baying for the president’s blood (= demanding that he be punished ) .

Question 64

con‧demn / kən’dem / verb [ transitive ]

Answer 64

1 disapprove to say very strongly that you do not approve of something or someone, especially because you think it is morally wrong :
Politicians were quick to condemn the bombing.
condemn something/somebody as something
The law has been condemned as an attack on personal liberty.
condemn somebody/something for (doing) something
She knew that society would condemn her for leaving her children.
2 punish to give someone a severe punishment after deciding they are guilty of a crime
condemn somebody to something
He was found guilty and condemned to death .

Question 65

ex‧ile 1 / eksaɪl, eɡzaɪl / noun

Answer 65

1 [ singular, uncountable ] a situation in which you are forced to leave your country and live in another country, especially for political reasons
in exile
a writer now living in exile
He went into exile to escape political imprisonment.
force/drive somebody into exile
The house was raided and the family was forced into exile.
He spent many years in enforced exile .
voluntary/self-imposed exile
She had been in voluntary exile since 1990.
2 [ countable ] someone who has been forced to live in exile :
political exiles
→ tax exile

Question 66

re‧’demp‧tion / rɪdempʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ]

Answer 66

1 the state of being freed from the power of evil, believed by Christians to be made possible by Jesus Christ
2 the act of exchanging a piece of paper worth a particular amount of money for money, goods, or services
3 past/beyond redemption too bad to be saved, repaired, or improved

Question 67

re‧’demp‧tion / rɪdempʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ]

Answer 67

1 the state of being freed from the power of evil, believed by Christians to be made possible by Jesus Christ
2 the act of exchanging a piece of paper worth a particular amount of money for money, goods, or services
3 past/beyond redemption too bad to be saved, repaired, or improved

Question 68

keep/hold something at bay

Answer 68

to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening or from coming too close :
A thick wall keeps the noise at bay.

Question 69

tear something ↔ down phrasal verb

Answer 69

to destroy a building deliberately :

A lot of the old tower blocks have been torn down to make way for new housing.

Question 70

take the credit/blame/responsibility

Answer 70

He’s the kind of man who makes things happen but lets others take the credit.

Question 71

ap‧pal‧ling / ə’pɔlɪŋ $ ə’pɒ- / adjective

Answer 71

1 very unpleasant and shocking SYN terrible :
She suffered appalling injuries.
He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.
an appalling famine
2 very bad SYN atrocious :
The weather was absolutely appalling .

— appallingly adverb :
He behaved appallingly.
an appallingly difficult job

Question 72

shack‧le 1 / ‘ʃæk ə l / noun [ countable ]

Answer 72

one of a pair of metal rings joined by a chain that are used for fastening together a prisoner’s hands or feet, so that they cannot move easily or escape
→ handcuffs

Question 73

dec‧a‧dent / ‘dekəd ə nt / adjective

Answer 73

having low moral standards and being more concerned with pleasure than serious matters :
Pop music was condemned as decadent and crude.
— decadently adverb

Question 74

rip / rɪp / verb ( past tense and past participle ripped , present participle ripping )

Answer 74

1 [ intransitive and transitive ] to tear something or be torn quickly and violently :
Her clothes had all been ripped.
The sails ripped under the force of the wind.
Impatiently, Sue ripped the letter open .
2 [ transitive always + adverb/preposition ] to remove something quickly and violently, using your hands
rip something out/off/away/down
Gilly ripped out a sheet of paper from her notebook.
The buttons had been ripped off.

Question 75

en‧dure / ɪn’djʊə $ ɪn’dʊr / verb

Answer 75

[ transitive ] to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining :
It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain.
endure doing something
He can’t endure being apart from me.

Question 76

cast somebody/something ↔ out phrasal verb

Answer 76

literary to force someone or something to leave a place :
God has cast out the demons from your soul.

Question 77

con‧vene AC / kən’vin / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]

Answer 77

if a group of people convene, or someone convenes them, they come together, especially for a formal meeting :
a report by experts convened by the National Institutes of Health

Question 78

stem 2 verb ( past tense and past participle stemmed , present participle stemming ) [ transitive ]

Answer 78

1 to stop something from happening, spreading, or developing
stem the tide/flow/flood of something
The measures are meant to stem the tide of illegal immigration.
stem the growth/rise/decline etc
an attempt to stem the decline in profits
2 formal to stop the flow of a liquid :
A tight bandage should stem the bleeding.
stem from something phrasal verb [ not in progressive ]
to develop as a result of something else :
His headaches stemmed from vision problems.

Question 79

ver‧te‧bra / ‘vɜtəbrə, ‘vɜtɪbrə $ vɜr- / noun ( plural vertebrae / -bri, -breɪ / ) [ countable ]

Answer 79

one of the small hollow bones down the centre of your back

— vertebral adjective [ only before noun ]

Question 80

pro‧trude / prə’trud $ proʊ- / verb [ intransitive ] written

Answer 80

to stick out from somewhere
protrude from
The envelope was protruding from her bag.

Question 81

im‧mor‧tal / ɪ’mɔtl $ -ɔr- / adjective

Answer 81

1 living or continuing for ever OPP mortal :
Plato believed that the soul is immortal.
2 an immortal line, play, song etc is so famous that it will never be forgotten :
In the immortal words of Henry Ford, ‘If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.’

Question 82

mer‧ce‧na‧ry 1 / ‘mɜs ə n ə ri $ mɜrsəneri / noun ( plural mercenaries ) [ countable ]

Answer 82

a soldier who fights for any country or group that will pay him :
an army of foreign mercenaries
a mercenary soldier

Question 83

heir / eə $ er / noun [ countable ]

Answer 83

1 the person who has the legal right to receive the property or title of another person when they die
heir to
John was the sole heir to a vast estate.
heir to the throne (= the person who will become king or queen )
2 the person who will take over a position or job after you, or who does things or thinks in a similar way to you :
Jonson was his political heir as leader of the Nationalist Party.

Question 84

forge 1 / fɔdʒ $ fɔrdʒ / verb

Answer 84

1to illegally copy something, especially something printed or written, to make people think that it is real → counterfeit
Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature.
a forged passport
2to make something from a piece of metal by heating the metal and shaping it

Question 85

priv‧i‧lege / ‘prɪvəlɪdʒ, ‘prɪvɪlɪdʒ / noun

Answer 85

1 [ countable ] a special advantage that is given only to one person or group of people :
He had no special privileges and was treated just like every other prisoner.
privilege of
the privilege of a good education
2 [ singular ] something that you are lucky to have the chance to do, and that you enjoy very much
the privilege of doing something
Today, we have the privilege of listening to two very unusual men.
the privilege to do something
I had the great privilege to play for Yorkshire.
It is a privilege to hear her play.

Question 86

get in phrasal verb

Answer 86

1 ENTER to enter a place, especially when this is difficult
We managed to get in through a window.
The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in.
2 ARRIVE if a train, plane etc gets in at a particular time, it arrives at that time:
What time does the bus get in?
get in to
We get in to Heathrow at ten o’clock.
3 GET HOME to arrive home:
We didn’t get in until late.
What time do the boys get in from school?
4 BE ELECTED to be elected to a position of political power:
The Conservatives have promised to increase spending on health and education
if they get in.

Question 87

rub‧ble / ‘rʌb ə l / noun [ uncountable ]

Answer 87

broken stones or bricks from a building or wall that has been destroyed

Question 88

de‧coy / ‘dikɔɪ / noun [ countable ]

Answer 88

someone or something that is used to trick someone into going somewhere or doing something, so that you can catch them, attack them etc :
Officer Langley acted as a decoy to catch the rapist.

Question 89

pre‧ce‧dent AC / ‘presəd ə nt, ‘presɪd ə nt / noun

Answer 89

1 [ countable ] an action or official decision that can be used to give support to later actions or decisions :
a legal precedent
set/create a precedent
UN involvement in the country’s affairs would set a dangerous precedent.
precedent for
precedents for what courts will accept as ‘fair’
2 [ uncountable and countable ] something of the same type that has happened or existed before
precedent for
There’s not much precedent for men taking leave when their baby is born.
without precedent
An epidemic on this scale is without precedent.

Question 90

van‧tage point / vɑntɪdʒ pɔɪnt $ væn- / ( also vantage ) noun [ countable ]

Answer 90

1 a good position from which you can see something :
From my vantage point on the hill, I could see the whole procession.
2 a way of thinking about things that comes from your own particular situation or experiences SYN point of view : The whole dispute looked silly from my vantage point.

Question 91

de‧te‧ri‧o‧rate / dɪ’tɪəriəreɪt $ -tɪr- / verb [ intransitive ]

Answer 91

1 to become worse :  
Ethel’s health has deteriorated. 
America’s deteriorating economy 
In everyday English, people usually say  get worse  rather than  deteriorate : 
Her health  got worse . 
The situation is  getting worse . 
2 deteriorate into something   to develop into a bad or worse situation :  
The argument deteriorated into a fight

Question 92

det‧o‧nate / ‘detəneɪt / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]

Answer 92

to explode or to make something explode

— deto’nation / detəneɪʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ]

Question 93

go off

Answer 93

EXPLODE to explode or fire:
The bomb went off at 6.30 this morning.
Fireworks were going off all over the city.
The gun went off and the bullet went flying over his head.