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Humanities > Dante Test > Flashcards

Dante Test Flashcards

1
Q

Ancient Greece

A

around 5th century BCE

Age of Reason

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2
Q

The Middle Ages/ The Medieval Period

A
  • “Dark Ages” Early Middle Ages 500-1000 CE “Romanesque”
  • Late Middle Ages 1000-1500CE “Gothic”
  • Renaissance “Rebirth” 1500 CE
  • Age of Faith
  • Dante’s Inferno 1320
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3
Q

The Divine Comedy

A

By Dante Alighieri (Italian)
1265-1321 (very late middle ages)
“The Way Up Is The Way Down”

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4
Q

“The Way Up Is The Way Down”

A

Heraclitus (can’t step in same river twice/ everything flows) - suffer before wisdom

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5
Q

Why is The Divine Comedy genius?

A
  • Italian Homer
  • 14,000 lines, strict rhyme scheme
  • what it means to be human - temptation/ struggles
  • analogous to life
  • often referred to/ quoted/ copied
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6
Q

“Abandon all hope ye who enter” - Canto III

A
  • on gates of Hell

- you had choice so no mercy

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7
Q

Who was Dante?

A
  • Italian poet from Florence
  • 1265-1321
  • His greatest work The Divine Comedy
  • One of the greatest masterpieces in World Literature
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8
Q

What makes The Divine Comedy so extraordinary?

A
  • Incorporated Greek/ Roman mythology, math, astronomy/ science, Greek/ Roman philosophy
  • Universal Struggle
  • Sacred Three
  • “Terza rima” Rhyme Scheme
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9
Q

Universal Struggle

A

Our struggled as well as Dante’s struggled for salvation in a world of temptation

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10
Q

Sacred Three

A
  • Inferno = 33 canti + 1 Introduction (cantos)
  • Purgatory = 33 canti
  • Paradise = 33 canti
    Total = 100 canti/ chapters
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11
Q

“Terza rima” Rhyme Scheme

A
  • aba, bcb, cdc
  • all 14,000+ lines
  • word choice was perfect - why it’s so difficult to translate
    • Translator either maintains the rhyme scheme or focuses on the content - both are very difficult to do well
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12
Q

Dante’s Contributions

A
  • Wrote in the language of the people - Italian not Latin
  • Created over 100 words - invented from Latin now a part of modern Italian
  • Controversy with the church
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13
Q

Wrote in the language of the people - Italian not Latin

A
  • (IN DEFENSE OF THE VULGAR - vulgar meaning spoken tongue)

- 1930s - no national language- Mussolini makes Italian national language - sense of national pride

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14
Q

Controversy with the church

A
  • Hegemony over people
  • Church concerned that Dante chose Virgil, a virtuous pagan, to be one of his central guides
    • Responsible for bringing REASON to Dante’s world
    • Church concerned that more people could read Dante’s work than the Bible - minimize the role/ influence of church
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15
Q

First Time Readers

A
  • Enjoy narrative (story)
  • Read it again and again
    • Takes a lifetime and still allusions are difficult to understand
  • Many levels
    • Literal - theme of journey/ odyssey
    • Metaphorical
    • Moral
    • Mystical
    • Symbolically redemption of ALL humankind
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16
Q

What is The Divine Comedy?

A
  • 14,000 lines - written in first person
  • Complex
  • Opens night before Good Friday in 13000
  • Concludes the following Thursday
    • Journey of redemption in 7 days
    • Takes place during church’s most sacred time of year - death/ resurrection of Jesus Christ
  • INFERNO (first part) - takes place from Thursday to Easter
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17
Q

Three Guides

A
  • Virgil - guide through Hell
  • Beatrice
  • St. Bernard
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18
Q

Virgil

A

Roman poet in Hell and up to Mt. Purgatory

  • Represents light of natural reason - without divine inspiration (before Christ)
  • Virgil - it was believed he foretold the birth of Christ
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19
Q

Beatrice

A
  • Ideal woman for Dante - takes him through Paradise
  • Plays most powerful role - represented pure love, unrequited love
  • “Virgin Mary”
  • Sends Virgil to Dante, so he can reach salvation in Heaven
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20
Q

St. Bernard

A
  • Another guide in Paradise
  • Monk and writer - admired by Dante
  • Man of words; eloquent (politically)
  • Aligned with Dante’s view about role of church
    • Spoke out against fraud in the papacy
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21
Q

Why is it called a Comedy?

A
  • Originally called “The Comedy” (“la Commedia”
  • Boccaccio - writer later added Divine to honor Dante
  • Begins TRAGICALLY, but ends HAPPILY (opposite of tragedy)
  • Written in vernacular (Italian) - the language of “low” comedy as opposed to “high tragedy”
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22
Q

What do I need to know about Dante’s life?

A
  • Personal life and writing greatly influenced by politics of late 13th Century Florence
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23
Q

Power Struggle

A

White Party (Dante’s) vs. Black Party

  • White = supported independence of Florence from strict papal (and Roman) control
  • Black = willing to work with Pope in order to restore power
  • By 1301 - Blacks (Pope Boniface - put him in Hell) were in control and as a leader of the White Party - Dante was exiled (sentenced to death - ran/ exiled)
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24
Q

Dante’s Solution

A
  • To write THE INFERNO (1307-1314)
    • Pope Boniface + other characters in Dante’s life are placed in Hell
    • Hell to Dante - state of world as seen by an exile whose experience has taught him no longer to trust world’s values
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25
Q

Time Frame

A

Dante’s writes THE INFERNO in 1312
Sets THE INFERNO in 1300
- So, he allows his characters to speak “prophetically” about “what is to come”

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26
Q

Contrapasso

A
  • Not contrapposto
  • Punishment fits the crime
  • Rigid system of Divine justice
  • Expression of Dante’s faith
    • Justice
    • Power
    • Love
    • Wisdom
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27
Q

Dante’s Characters = Human

A
  • Struggle with their own sin = INFERNO
  • Long to be freed from it = PURGATORY
  • Can envision divine embrace = PARADISE
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28
Q

Relevance to Today

A

Our world is different than 14th Century

  • Human progress
    • Renaissance
    • Enlightenment
    • Industrial, Scientific, Technological Revolutions
  • All this has given us potential to use what we have for the greater good
  • Still have
    • political intrigue
    • betrayal among politicians
    • war
    • violence
    • dishonest business practices
    • loss of faith in time-honored institutions
    • Renders us vulnerable to forces of evil
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29
Q

The Goal

A
  • To remove those living in this life from the state of misery and lead them to the state of happiness
  • From Maturity to Innocence
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30
Q

Sins for vestibule, limbo, and 4 levels

A 
Vestibule = apathetic
Circle I (Limbo) = unbaptized infants and virtuous pagans
Circle II - V = sins of incontinence ( lack of self- control)
Circle VI = sins of violence
Circle VII (malebolge) = simple deceit
Circle IX = treachery
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31
Q

Hell’s Shape

A

Cone shape

  • Satan’s fall onto Earth
  • ease of sin - give in to gravity
  • easy to fall, hard to climb/ recover
  • losing control = opening/ gateway
  • “slippery slope”
  • Top - common/ bigger/ lost control - all but some loose control
  • 3 sided: God/ Jesus/ Spirit - inverted/ perversion of “holy triangle”
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32
Q

Vestibule

A

Passage/ hall antechamber between outer door and interior parts of house or building

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33
Q

Limbo

A

A region on border of hell o heaven, serving as the abode after death of unbaptized infants and the righteous who died before the coming of Christ

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34
Q

Placement of Apathetic

A

Dante put apathetic, unbaptized infants, and virtuous pagans here, because it is of no fault of their own

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35
Q

“Virtuous pagan” = oxymoron?

A

“Virtuous pagan” is not an oxymoron, because you can live a good life without knowing about Christ

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36
Q

4 levels of sin

A

The 4 levels of hell from top to bottom are sin of incontinence, sin of violence, simple deceit, and treachery
- less will - chose wrong until lost choice

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37
Q

Incontinence

A

Lacking in moderation or self- control, especially of sexual desire
Ex. lust/ gluttony

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38
Q

Violence

A

Rough or injurious physical force, action, or treatment

Ex. suicide/ murder

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39
Q

Deceit

A

The act or practice of deceiving; concealment or distortion of the truth for the purpose of misleading; duplicity; fraud; cheating
Ex. flattery/ hypocrisy

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40
Q

Treachery

A

Violence of faith; betrayal of truth; treason

Ex. defectors/ back stabbers (full choice)

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41
Q

Incontinence- first level?

A
  • most innate
  • triggered by almost purely overindulged survival instinct
  • losing control = gateway
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42
Q

Violence - second level?

A
  • more of a choice

- triggered by heat of memories (revenge/ avenge = survival)

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43
Q

Fraud > Violence

A 
Fraud
- more of a thought out decision process
- takes more intelligence
- more personal
- intent
Violence
- animal instinct
- intention, pre-decided, break trust
- clear intensions, not always pre-meditated
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44
Q

Treachery = worst sinner

A
  • deceit against those who trusted/ depended on you
  • owe more than you could pay
  • intentional to those who love/ trust you
  • hurt many who trusted you
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45
Q

Overall mention of hell

A
  • less innate sin = more terrible consequences

- sin against trust = worst sin

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46
Q

Purgatory’s shape

A

Triangle/ mountain (wedding cake)

  • mountain/ upward facing triangle
  • “p” on forehead cleaned off w/ cleaning of dirty soul
  • climb way out of sin- cleansing yourself
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47
Q

Sins in purgatory

A

Bottom to top: late repentant, negligent, excommunicated, proud, envious, wrathful, slothful, avaricious/ prodigal, gluttonous, lustful

48
Q

Sins in purgatory order

A
  • more instinctive go on top

- sins not affiliated with love misplaced = not included (violence) b/c no redeeming value to them

49
Q

Paradise’s shape

A

Circle

  • 9 circles = represents 9 levels of sin from Hell
  • Closer to God (parallel)
  • Center = “sea of light” b/c light represents purity/ goodness
    • where God lives
    • light emanates from source
50
Q

Paradise Canto

A
  • innocence/ humility - way up is way down
  • describing the inhuman
  • colors - “light”
  • less specific - no individual sinners
  • Guides are Bernard and Beatrice
51
Q

Canto 1

A
  • dark woods
  • good Friday
  • 1 week/ days week journey
  • terza rima (3 rhyme) = form
  • lost = Dante was exiled from Florence b/c believed in separation of church and state (white party)
  • Leopard/ lion/ she-wolf = symbol of sins of incontinence, keeping Dante back
  • Virgil = ancient Roman pet, reason, guide through purgatory + Hell
    • Reason should control choices
    • Virtuous paean - born BC
  • Virgil + Dante travel to Hell
  • “Abandon all hope ye who enter here” = gate of Hell
52
Q

Canto 3

A
  • Dante and Virgil at Gates of Hell
  • Apathetic - didn’t renounce
  • In the following blank banner being bitten by flies
  • Charon takes them/ doomed soul across River Acheron to Hell
53
Q

Canto 4

A
  • Limbo = unbaptized infants, virtuous paeans
  • Not bad (Dante’s sympathy)
  • Caste w/ Greek philosophers, Homer, poets, heroes
  • Nice BUT can see Heaven
54
Q

Canto 5

A
  • Minos judges transgressed and wraps tail to indicate level
  • Lustful (1st sin, 1st level) - incontinence
  • infernal hurricane - no control of passion
  • lust: basic human desire (Dante felt for Beatrice)
  • Francesca - cheated w/ her husband’s brother
55
Q

Canto 12

A
  • Minotaur on shattered cliff
  • Centaurs shoot souls so don’t escape
  • Violence - sea of blood (more you killed the more you are submerged)
  • Centaurs = also pillaged and raped
  • Level 2 violence
56
Q

Canto 18

A
  • Seducers: deceit and fraud (3: Deceit)
  • whipped as run back and forth
  • falterers - submerged in poop b/c full of it
57
Q

Canto 26

A
  • false counselors: each sinner in flame, represents conscience
58
Q

Canto 28

A
  • schismatic: create division btwn. people

- sliced open - healed - resliced

59
Q

Canto 29

A
  • Falsifiers
  • Alchemists
  • Scabs, diseased - constant scratching
  • Mess w/ God’s jurisdiction/ nature - nature messes w/ them
60
Q

Canto 32

A
  • Traitors to family
  • Traitors to country
  • Frozen in ice up to head b/c cold -
  • head down = shame
61
Q

Canto 34

A
  • traitor to benefactors, not forced love but voluntary
  • Lucifer = frozen in ice
  • 3 heads: Cassius/ Brutus = head out, Judas Iscariot = head in
62
Q

Hell

A
  • 9 circles
  • triangle/ funnel
  • slippery slope: one sin leads to another
  • Bible: Satan fell - through Earth
  • Triangle = holy shape - inverted = opposite
  • Bigger at top = more common
  • Sin = lose of free will
63
Q

Purgatory

A
  • Formed when Lucifer fell
  • Holy Trinity
  • reclaiming their holiness
  • “P” = peccatum = sin of forehead until fades
  • sins of incontinence, lower = no change of repentance
  • acknowledge, pay penance
64
Q

Canto 33: Paradise

A
  • circle w/ 9 rings (mirrors Hell)
  • created by God - center is throne of God
  • circle = perfection, trinity, infinity
  • rings = how close to God
  • connection to astronomy - each circle = Greek god
  • saintly throng form a rose in the empyrean
65
Q

Three realms/ themes

A
  • Way up is the way down
    • literal: Lucifer’s fall; Dante must descend and pass through hell to then reach purgatory/heaven
    • journey down up to paradise
  • symbol level (messages?)
    • good through hard times to get to better times
    • must have humility (not prideful)
  • teach us what Hell was like - takes in journey so we can learn and live better
  • personal adventure to save own soul
  • journey from knowledge and sin to purity and innocences
66
Q

The Way Up is the Way Down - Symbol

A

Literal: Lucifer’s fall; Dante must descend and pass through hell to then reach purgatory/heaven

67
Q

The Way Up is the Way Down - Literal

A

Symbolic:

  • must have humility (not prideful)
  • journey from maturity to innocence
  • something you just have to go through hell and keep going
  • must know all the bad (hell) in order to gain wisdom
68
Q

Extended Response

A

Politics: political exile: separation of church and state; putting his enemies in hell
Life: HE was a sinner himself; exiled; bitter; vengeful
What was the PURPOSED of his work? Teach others (wrote in Italian); saved his own soul; enact revenge; synthesize faith and reason

69
Q

Extended Response (short)

A
  • Go back to Dante’s life
    • political situation
    • exile
    • personal life
    • lose of reason/ control
  • Purpose
    • wrote in Italian (language of the people)
70
Q

Canto 1 (Review)

A 
Christian Holy Day journey begins: Good Friday
Journey: 7 days.
Form/ Meter: Terza Rima
Dante: exiled from Florence
Beasts: leopard, lion, she-wolf
71
Q

Canto 3 (Review)

A

Vestibule: apathetic
Contrapasso: following a blank banner
- The River Acheron is the river souls cross before they enter hell.

72
Q

Canto 4 (Review)

A

Limbo: virtuous pagans (Virgil), unbaptized infants
Contrapasso: can always see heaven, but can’t get there

73
Q

Canto 5 (Review)

A

Lust is part of the first “level” or category of Incontinence
Contrapasso: Buffeted by winds.

74
Q

Canto 12 (Review)

A

Sin: violence (second category or level of sin)
Centaur: cross between man and horse
Contrapasso: River of blood

75
Q

Canto 18 (Review)

A

Sin: Seducers (third category or level - simple deceit)
Contrapasso: whipped

76
Q

Canto 26 (Review)

A

Sin: False counselors
Contrapasso: each of sinner is flame - represents conscience

77
Q

Canto 28 (Review)

A

Sin: Schismatics
Contrapasso: torn apart

78
Q

Canto 29 (Review)

A

Sin: Falsifiers, alchemists
Contrapasso: disease, scabs, constant itching/ scratching

79
Q

Canto 32 (Review)

A

Sin: traitors to family and country

80
Q

Canto 34 (Review)

A

Sin: traitors to benefactors
- Lucifer frozen in ice
- part of fourth level - treachery against benefactors
Lucifer chewing on Judas (head first); Cassius and Brutus (feet first)

81
Q

Hell (Review)

A
  • 9 circles

Sin: slippery slope; fewer and fewer (most at the top – natural)

82
Q

Purgatory (Review)

A
  • cleansing of sin
  • “peccatum” = sin
  • tiered mountain shape
  • ascend mountain
83
Q

Paradise Canto 33 (Review)

A

Guide = Beatrice, St. Bernard (where they reside)
- Created by God (explains shape)
- 9 circles or spheres - paralleling
9 circles of Hell
- Center = Throne of God or Eternal Light
- Perfect sphere
- Based on science/ astronomy

84
Q

Themes

A
  • The Way up is the Way Down
  • Reason/ logical - structural device for 3 realms
  • Dante: man, politics, view of religion
  • Justice/ mercy
  • Free will
    slippery slope (relationship btwn. 4 categories of sin)
  • Importance of Guide
  • Maturity to Innocent
  • Modern World Relevance
85
Q

Canto V (Location and Sin)

A
  • 2nd circle
  • The lustful
  • 1st Level: sins of incontinence
86
Q

Canto V ( Contrapasso and Explanation)

A
  • punishment = storm
  • whirlwind - simulates lustful disaster
  • strong wind, no rest
  • storm - restlessness of lustful in physically painful way, not pleasing
87
Q

Canto V (Important Allusions: Demons and Specific Souls)

A
  • Semiramis - Queen of Assyria
  • Dido - kills herself for lover who left
  • Cleopatra - suicide
  • Helen of Troy - Trojan War
  • Paris - King of Troy, kidnapped Helen
  • Tristan - falls in love, dies rather than bring to king
  • Francesca (specific soul) and Paolo- supposed to marry Giancotto loves Paolo (his brother) - Giancotto kills them
  • Demon: Minos
    • judges sinners, # of tail wraps = level of Hell
88
Q

Canto V (Thematic Connection)

A

Modern Day Punishment: prison = guilt: left in constant though of decision like the storm

  • “Innocence” - Francesca = weakness of will b/c marriage not her decision and book set mood/ influence
  • Loss of self- control
  • The Way up is the way down
  • Slippery sold - 1 sin leads to another, cheating led to murder
89
Q

Canto XII (Location and Sin)

A
  • 7th circle: the violent sin

- 1st Chasm - violent towards others

90
Q

Canto XII (Contrapasso and Explanation)

A
  • violence against others
  • put in river of boiling blood - depth depending on sin
  • rapists, tyrants, terrorists, assassins, war crimes, etc.
  • penalty: river of victims of blood
    • hot: emotion
    • to neck: screams
  • Modern day punishment: death penalty, jail
91
Q

Canto XII (Important Allusions: Demons/ Specific Souls)

A

Demons:
- Minotaur: killed Athenians
- Centaurs + Chiron: shoot those who came out to far
Specific Souls:
- Alexander the Great
* Attila, Riniera
- Dante didn’t speak b/c felt he didn’t need to learn anything

92
Q

Canto XII (Thematic Connections)

A
  • Slippery Slope- how they enter
  • Violence - intellect fails
  • Land slide = caused by God stepping when he brought people up to purgatory
93
Q

Canto XVII (Location and Sin)

A 
Malebolge (evil pouches)
- 8th circle
- 2 sublevels (ditches)
   - pimps/ seducers
   - flatterers
(10 total sublevels)
94
Q

Canto XVII (Contrapasso and Explanation)

A
  • Human trafficking
95
Q

Canto XVII (Important Allusions: Demons/ Specific Souls)

A

Demons: whip = pimps/ seducers
Specific Souls:
- pimp: Jason (abandoned Medea his wife), Vendica (pimped his sister)
- falterers - full of poop: Alessia, Thas (whore of Alexender the Great - given gift and over thanked/ insincere)

96
Q

Canto XVII (Thematic Connections)

A
  • swearing = mix of high and low language = high and low comedy
97
Q

Canto XXVI (Location and Sin)

A
  • Circle 8
  • Counselor of Fraud
  • 8th Ring
98
Q

Canto XXVI (Contrapasso and Explanation)

A
  • Burning flame b/c misused gift of counsel to misdirect - flame = burn of guilt
  • Modern - remove from social media- hidden from people so can’t spread ideas so easily
99
Q

Canto XXVI (Important Allusions: Demons/ Specific Souls)

A
  • flame split on top: Ulysses and Diomedes - committed fraud in Trojan War
  • Ulysses lied to crew to get them to go west = sin
  • Odysseus/ Ulysses - created idea of Trojan Horse, convinced Achilles to fight knowing he’d die, Greek
  • Diomedes - Greek - destroyed by Trojans/ Rome = Dante
100
Q

Canto XXVI (Thematic Connections)

A
  • Way up is the way down = misused influence, lose influence
101
Q

Canto XXVIII (Location and Sin)

A
  • 8th Circle
  • Sins of Fraud
  • Schismatic: a person who promotes division
102
Q

Canto XXVIII (Contrapasso and Explanation)

A
  • sinners cut apart b/c divided people
  • Modern Day Connection: polarization, division between: political parties, rich and poor, religion, cliques, war
  • Modern day Punishment
    • solitary confinement
    • world’s quietest room
    • isolation tank
103
Q

Canto XXVIII (Important Allusions: Demons/ Specific Souls)

A

Demon: Geryon
- winged beast
- grandson of Medusa
- lives between 7th and 8th circle
Specific Souls:
- Mohammad: renegade cardinal/ founder of Islam - split from chin to but
- Ali: divided Islam into Sunnis and Shiites - split from chin to forehead
- Pier de Medicina: spread rumors to turn them against themselves - broken face, pierced through, cut nose off at brow, one ear gone
- Curio: bribed Caesar to betray Pompey, influenced Caesar to cross Rubicon - tongue cut out
- Mosca de’ Lamberti: split families by incited murder - hands chopped off
* Bertran de Born: split King Henry II and Prince Henry - head severed, lit like lantern, leads sinners

104
Q

Canto XXVIII (Thematic Connections)

A
  • Justice/ Mercy - no mercy for those who caused death of others
  • Slippery slope - act of schism (betrayal of people’s relationships), violence on larger scale
  • Way up is way down: abusing influence leads to chaos, loss of influence and control
105
Q

Canto XXIX (Location and Sin)

A
  • 8th circle

- 10th pouch/ malebolge

106
Q

Canto XXIX (Contrapasso and Explanation)

A
  • suffered w/ disease/ scabs - forever itch
  • mess w/ nature - now being messed w/
  • alchemy: trying to control what you shouldn’t: itch = loss control
  • deceive the senses
  • Guelphs vs. Ghibelline (church vs. secular)
107
Q

Canto XXIX (Important Allusions: Demons/ Specific Souls)

A
  • Falsifiers: alchemists (witchcraft), impersonators, counterfeiters, false witnesses - mess w/ natural order of God
    Specific Souls:
  • Geri del bella - killed in feud, Dante’s father’s counsins, not avenged (9th)
  • Girffalina - tricked Albera af Siena he could teach him to fly - performing alchemy - burned for heresy
  • Cap acchine - Sienese - alchemists and mimic (false)
108
Q

Canto XXIX (Thematic Connections)

A 
Modern Day
- cult: Heaven's Gate
- Punishment: prison (taken away from natural world) (systematic/ controlled/ not free)
Themes
- separation of church and state
109
Q

Canto XXXII (Location and Sin)

A
  • 9th Circle
  • Caina, Cocytus - after Cain and Abel
  • Caina/ Coytus: frozen lake
  • Antenora
110
Q

Canto XXXII (Contrapasso and Explanation)

A
  • Frozen w/ necks turned down
  • Can’t move
  • Can speak (tell names) and butt heads (butted heads in life)
  • Sin: betrayal to family/ friends/ country
111
Q

Canto XXXII (Important Allusions: Demons/ Specific Souls)

A
  • Bocca degli Abarto - betrayed in war
  • Count Ugolino - betray town
  • Tydeus and Melanippus - Tydeus ate Melanippus skull
  • Antigone: Eteacles and Polynices fought for power = intertwined
112
Q

Canto XXXII (Thematic Connections)

A
  • Slipper slope: anger/ greed

- tell each other’s names: Beltroy (cont. to sin)

113
Q

Canto XXXIV (Location and Sin)

A
  • 9th Circle
  • Judecca (sins of betrayal/ treachery)
  • Traitors to lords/ benefactors
114
Q

Canto XXXIV (Contrapasso and Explanation)

A
  • Satan fell from heaven - center of earth
  • His wings flap - cold
  • Frozen: ultimate sin = sameness for eternity
  • Betray benefactor (open love/ voluntary) = greatest sin
  • Cold hearted = frozen, chewed = painful
115
Q

Canto XXXIV (Important Allusions: Demons/ Specific Souls)

A
  • “Vexilla regis…” - “The banners of the kings Hell…”
  • Satan/ Dis/ Lucifer (3 faces/ mouths) - in ice lake waist deep, ugly
  • Judas Iscariot = center mouth, leg visible
  • Brutus/ Cassius - heads stick out, left and right mouth
116
Q

Canto XXXIV (Thematic Connections)

A
  • Separation of church and state (Judas)
  • The way up is the way down - go down Lucifer to get up to heaven
  • Modern - imprison - men
  • Darth Vader
117
Q

Purgatory (sheet)

A
  • no biblical reference (1st Pope created to cleanse sins and indulgence: buy way to heaven) (Martin Luther = angry, corrupt/ separates)
  • mountain - opposite shape of Hell
  • “Peccatum” (means sin) - “p” on forehead as you climb until sin fade/ paid for and reach heaven

Humanities (2 decks)

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