Dante

Question 1

精湛技艺
粗俗

Answer 1

A sort of battle of insults in which literary virtuosity often degenerated into vulgarity.

Question 2

荒淫
点燃
条例
公会

Answer 2

Perhaps he was tired of his dissolute life; or perhaps his passion for politics was kindled by an ordinance which extended to the nobility the privilege of holding public office, provided they were members of one of the art or craft guilds.

Question 3

剧变

Answer 3

The new growth of trade and industry had caused great social upheaval.

Question 4

岗哨

Answer 4

The narrow streets and sentinel towers of medieval Florence, as they appear in a contemporary fresco.

Question 5

对抗
焖烧

Answer 5

The rivalry between the two families smoldered.

Question 6

新人
贵族
血统

Answer 6

The Cerchi were nouveaux riches who were making every effort to become part of the aristocracy. The Donati, on the other hand, were enormously proud of their ancient and noble lineage.

Question 7

唆使、煽动
动荡

Answer 7

Donati enters the city with his forces, opens the prisons, and instigates a period of administrative turmoil and confusion.

Question 8

卷入
错综复杂

Answer 8

He found himself embroiled in and finally overwhelmed by this intricate conflict.

Question 9

涉足
棘手

Answer 9

Dante made his first forays into politics at a time when the political climate could not be hotter, and the situation more thorny and delicate.

Question 10

小冲突

Answer 10

A skirmish between the Blacks and the Whites

Question 11

强大
对手

Answer 11

In whom he recognized a formidable adversary.

Question 12

优柔寡断
小利

Answer 12

The exiled Whites were an irresolute lot, trapped by their own petty interests.

Question 13

恶毒
指责

Answer 13

They left behind a train of venomous recriminations and mutual accusations.

Question 14

勉强

Answer 14

Those who received him grudgingly and those who really opened their doors to him.

Question 15

教皇权

Answer 15

Pope Clement V, in alliance with King Philip the Fair of France, transferred the papacy to Avignon.

Question 16

快活的
沉默寡言
苦涩

Answer 16

Can Grande was jovial， extroverted, and gay; Dante was taciturn, introverted and embittered.

Question 17

忧郁的

Answer 17

On the human level, a rapport is difficult between a melancholic and irritable exile and a generous, pleasure-loving young noble.

Question 18

Why this actor knew how to amuse and please everyone, while Dante had never amused anyone, and in fact, bored most of those who knew him?

Answer 18

Dante: “It wouldn’t surprise you if you reflected that friendship is based on equality of customs and similarity of spirit.”

Question 19

民众

Answer 19

The anecdote testifies to the great success of the Divine Comedy, which was beginning to be known even among the populace.

Question 20

巫术

Answer 20

Visconti entrusted the priest with the job of bringing about the pope’s death by sorcery.

Question 21

阴谋
驾驭、push, compete

Answer 21

Visconti had begun to build his power by intrigues, money, and skillful jockeying.

Question 22

顾忌

Answer 22

He did not suffer from an excess of scruples, nor was he overly troubled by the means he used to gain his end.

Question 23

升华

Answer 23

Dante’s minor works alone would assure him a place in literary history, but in the Devine Comedy, the same concepts are transformed into sublime poetry.

Question 24

教义
箴言
概要

Answer 24

Above all, the poet meant the Comedy to be a work of doctrine and edification, a compendium of the knowledge of his time about science, philosophy and theology.

Question 25

寓言的

Answer 25

The poem is filled with allegorical and moral meaning.