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Dance > Dance knowledge > Flashcards

Dance knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Alignment

A

The relationship of the skeleton to the line of gravity and base of support

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2
Q

Aural setting

A

The sounds that accompany the dance. Music, found sounds, natural sounds & voice

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3
Q

Balance

A

A state of equilibrium referring to the balance of weight

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4
Q

6 basic actions

A

Elevation, traveling, stillness, gesture, turning and falling

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5
Q

Fragmentation

A

To use only part of a motif to isolate movements

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6
Q

Principles of safe dance

A

Alignment, strength & stamina, flexibility, co-ordination & technical skill and general body maintenance

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7
Q

The correct alignment runs through what?

A

The ear lobe, shoulder, hip joint, behind the patella, in front of the ankle joint

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8
Q

Which muscles are responsible for maintaining an up right posture?

A

The anti-gravity postural muscles

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9
Q

Which two muscles work together to balance the body?

A

The anterior and posterior muscles

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10
Q

What do the anterior and posterior muscles do

A

Extend and contract to balance the body

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11
Q

What does the spine do?

A

Protects the spinal nerve chord, supports the head, ribs and hips, maintains an upright posture and absorbs shock

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12
Q

How many curves does the spine have and what do they do?

A
  1. They speed stress
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13
Q

What absorbed shock when landing from jumps

A

The cartilaginous spongy discs between the vertebrae

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14
Q

What are the three main sections in the foot?

A

The tarsus, the metatarsus and the phalanges (toes)

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15
Q

Possible issues with the spine

A

The extensor muscles can give an over extended back and the flexor muscles can give a curved spine

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16
Q

What’s plantar flexion?

A

Pointing the feet

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17
Q

What’s dorsi flexion?

A

Flexing the foot

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18
Q

What is the strongest joint?

A

The hip

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19
Q

Why is the hip the strongest joint?

A

Because of its heavy net of ligaments

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20
Q

What are the problems with having tight muscles around the hip?

A

It can create misalignment and forces turn out

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21
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

A ball and socket joint. It gives great stability but also a large about of movement

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22
Q

What to do when injured?

A 
PRICED
Prevent further injury 
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate 
Diagnosis
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23
Q

What is warm up?

A

A warm up is a gradual physical and mental preparation for greater exercise later

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24
Q

What does a warm up do?

A 
Increase breathing and heart rate
Increases temp. in muscles 
Increases flexibility 
Increases reaction speed
Increases blood sugar and adrenaline levels
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25
Q

What is a cool down?

A

A cool down is a gradual slowing down of the circulation in order to return safely to a resting heart rate

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26
Q

What does a cool down do?

A

Promotes blood circulation to remove waste products like toxins
Prevents soreness in muscles
And prevents pooling of blood

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27
Q

What is flexibility?

A

Flexibility is the freedom to move. Flexibility involves increasing muscular elasticity so that a large range of motion may be reachable

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28
Q

What are the limits to flexibility?

A

Tight ligaments, tendons or bone restriction.

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29
Q

What is flexibility effected by?

A

Age, gender, room temperature, training and body type

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30
Q

What do more flexible bodies do?

A

Avoids misalignment, muscle tears and general injury

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31
Q

What are the two areas that effect flexibility?

A

Joints and stretching

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32
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Cartilaginous joints
Fibrous joints
Synovial joints

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33
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

They are joints that allow little movement but offer great strength. The cartilage, containing water, acts as a cushion between bones. For example the spinal vertebrae

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34
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

These joints allow little to no movement. For example the flat bones in the skull

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35
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

These joints are the most mobile. So in dance these joints offer most concern. For example the hips, the shoulders, the figures, the toes, the knees and the ankles

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36
Q

What do joints range from?

A

Flexion, extension, addiction, abduction, rotation and circumduction

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37
Q

What is strength?

A

Strength is the capacity to exert a muscle contraction against resistance.

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38
Q

What does strength do?

A

Strength reduces risk of injury
Improves flexibility
Improves co-ordination & performance
Enhances the toned ‘look’ to the body

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39
Q

What are the two types of muscle contractions?

A

Isotonic and isometric contractions

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40
Q

What is an isotonic contraction?

A

An isotonic contractions is a dynamic contraction where the length of the muscle is changed but the tone remains constant. E.g batment tondu. Kicking the leg to the side

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41
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

An isometric contraction is a static contraction where the length of the muscle remains the same but the tone increases. For example holding the leg up to the side

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42
Q

What is stamina?

A

Stamina is the endurance of either a muscle or the heart and breathing. It is crucial to prevent injury

43
Q

How can stamina be be important for reducing injury?

A

Because once fatigue sets in, mistakes in judgment or stresses in muscles can cause injury

44
Q

What are the two parts stamina can be delivered in?

A

Muscular insurance and cardiovascular insurance

45
Q

What is muscular insurance?

A

The ability for the muscles to continue to contract over a period of time

46
Q

What is cardiovascular endurance and what does it concern?

A

The ability to continue areobic activity over a period of time. It concerns the heart and lungs

47
Q

How is stamina increased?

A

By progressive overload

48
Q

What is co-ordination?

A

It is the skill of balance, control of energy and accurate of action

49
Q

How is co-ordination improved?

A

By repetition

50
Q

What does the nervous system consist of?

A

The nerves: neurones
Reflexes and receptors
The brain

51
Q

The two types of neurones

A

Sensory and motor

52
Q

What are sensory neurones?

A

They transmit messages and co-ordinate to the brain

53
Q

What are motor neurones?

A

The pass impulses from the brain to the muscles

54
Q

What are interpretive skills?

A 
Projection
Emphasis
Group awareness 
Musicality 
Involvement of the whole self
55
Q

What is projection?

A

Projection involves throwing the energy out from the body to give a quality of life. The feelings and ideas are reached out beyond the body to the audience.

56
Q

What to do to work on better projection

A 
Efficient and correct use of energy 
Correct breathing 
Facial expressions
Focus 
Correct orientation
57
Q

What is focus

A

Focus can emphasise a line in the body or an emotion

58
Q

What is musicality?

A

Numbering the movement phrases as you dance your movement memory to be musical. Developing musicality is important to stay with the music and accent important moments in the music

59
Q

What is phrasing?

A

Phrasing is single actions joined together to make up a phrase.

60
Q

What are the two types of phrases?

A

Phrase length and phrase shape

61
Q

What is phrase length?

A

The length of the phrase depends on its content. It can be any speed or duration. Breath can help regulate this

62
Q

What is phrase shape?

A

The shape of the phrase is mapped according to where the high and low points in the dance are. Breath can help regulate this

63
Q

What can focus do?

A

It can change emotion, emphasis and tension.

64
Q

What can shape and volume do?

A

Shapes convey different ideas and impressions. A curved shape gives. volume and this give it a romantic, lyrical and graceful feel

65
Q

What is important in group awareness?

A

Peripheral vision is essential
Space and timing
Communication in rehearsal is key.

66
Q

What does space do?

A

Space helps covey a dance idea. There is personal space and general space

67
Q

Rule for contact work

A

Slowly
Support
Stop

68
Q

Warm up exercises to mention

A

Salutes to the sun
Swings
Metatarsal warm up

69
Q

Important factors about rehearsal

A

Be Involves, Informed and Inspired
Be Concentrated, Committed and Careful
Leave troubles outside the studio

70
Q

Safety in dance spaces

A

The floor must be sprung
Dancers should remove jewellery and footwear
Hair should be put back
Room from. should be a minimum of 18c and preferable between 21c and 24*c
There should be no obstacles in the space
Ceilings should be high
Lighting levels must be high
Mirrors can be helpful

71
Q

What are the basic considerations of a balanced diet?

A

What to eat
When to eat
How to eat
Eating disorders

72
Q

What to eat?

A

A dancer needs around 2000 calories daily. Eat protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins AND DRINK LOTS OF WATER

73
Q

When to eat?

A

After sport. Two hours are needed for digestion. Several meals daily

74
Q

What are the movement components?

A

Actions space dynamics relationships

75
Q

Music in relation to dance

A 
Direct correlation 
Music visualisation 
Showing and emphasising a character or narrative 
Call and response 
Disassociation 
Mutual co-existence
76
Q

What are the performance components?

A

Set, lighting, costume, props and film

77
Q

What is the purpose for lighting?

A

It changes mood, creates images and adds meaning to enhance the dance idea

78
Q

What is the purpose for costume?

A

It emphasised mood by choice of colour, fabric, texture and shape. It enhances lines and shapes. It clarifies character and narrative

79
Q

What is the purpose in film?

A

The use of camera can give spontaneity and directs focus to important moments.

80
Q

What are the problems with filming?

A

The viewers are directed where to look rather than given a choice. Some of the movement can be lost and dimensions are lost

81
Q

What to do when starting a dance?

A

Research, experiment, select, refine & organise, rehearsal, perform

82
Q

The importance of journals

A

You can keep track of what you’ve done, your progress and what is left to be done.

83
Q

Why is improvising important?

A

So that you have moments to explore and change. Experimenting with movement creates originality

84
Q

What are the choreographic devices?

A

Repetition, variation, contrast, climax, highlight and motif development

85
Q

How can you vary and motif?

A

By changing size, levels, focus, orientation, tempo and dynamics

86
Q

How can you develop a motif?

A

By altering basic body movement, adding movement, retrograde it or fragment it

87
Q

What is contrast?

A

Adding new material that is different to previous moments

88
Q

What is a highlight?

A

A moment the choreographer wishes to emphasise. The movement is impressive and memorable. There maybe several.

89
Q

What is a climax?

A

One moment that the dance gradually builds to. The main high point in the dance.

90
Q

What are some compositional structures?

A 
Binary 
Ternary
Rondo 
Theme&variation 
Episodic 
Chance
91
Q

What is a binary structure?

A

It has two contrasting sections. A,B

92
Q

What is a ternary structure?

A

Two contrasting sections but three sections all together A,B,A

93
Q

What is a rondo structure?

A

A theme that returns after a contrasting theme A,B,A,C,A,D

94
Q

What is a theme and variation structure?

A

It is when a theme is varied each time A,B,C,D

95
Q

What is an episodic structure?

A

The theme appears in episodes like a story that gradually unfolds

96
Q

What is a chance structure

A

Random themes placed in random orders

97
Q

Abstraction

A

An idea or concept conveyed through movement and removed from its original context

98
Q

What is physical skill?

A

Strength, stamina and flexibility

99
Q

What are expressive skills?

A

Focus, musicality, sense of style, projection, communication and relationships

100
Q

What are technical skills?

A

Posture, alignment, co-ordination, balance

101
Q

What is the rehearsal process?

A

Selection, refinement and feedback

102
Q

Infra section with blonde girl and man

A

Infra 2

103
Q

Section with strips of light

A

Infra 4

Dance (1 decks)

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