DAMS AND BOUYANCY Flashcards
a structure built across a stream to impound water for future purposes such as hydro power
DAMS
the top of the dam. These may in some cases be used for providing a roadway or walkway over the dam.
CREST
low protective walls in either side of the roadway or walkway on the crest.
Parapet walls
portion of dam in contact with ground or river-bed at upstream side.
Heel
potion of the dam in contact with ground or river-bed at downstream side.
TOE
it is the arrangement made (kind of passage) near the top of dam for the passage of surplus/excessive water from the reservoir.
SPILLWAY
the valley slopes on either side of the dam wall to which the left & right end of dam are fixed to.
ABUTMENTS
level or gently sloping tunnel like passage (small room like space) at transverse or longitudinal within the dam with drain on floor for seepage water.
GALLERY
opening in the dam near the base, provided to clear the silt accumulation in the reservoir.
SLUICE WAY
the space between the highest level of water in the reservoir and the top of the dam.
FREE BOARD
level of permanent storage below which the water will not be withdrawn.
DEAD STORAGE LEVEL
tunnel constructed to divert or change the direction of water to bypass the dam construction site. The dam is built while the river flows through the diversion tunnel.
DIVERSION TUNNEL
a subsidiary dam of any type constructed across a saddle or low point on the perimeter of a reservoir.
SADDLE DAM
a type of small overflow dam that is often used within a river channel to create an impoundment lake for water abstraction purposes and which can also be used for flow measurement or retardation.
WEIR
a small dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion
CHECK DAM
also known as flood retarding structure, designed to control flooding.
DRY DAM
a structure designed to divert all or portion of the flow of river from its natural course.
DIVERSION DAM
used to trap groundwater and store all or most of it below the surface for extended use in a localized area.
UNDERGROUND DAM
an earth-fill embankment dam used to store by-products, which are produced during mining operations after separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction of an ore.
TAILING DAM
uses steel plating (at an angle) and load-bearing beams as the structure.
STEEL DAM
Uses timber. It is rarely built in modern times because of its relatively short lifespan and limited height to which they can be built.
TIMBER DAM
a temporary enclosure built within, or in pairs across, a body of water and constructed to allow the enclosed area to be pumped out.
COFFER DAM
created by natural geological forces (natural disasters such as earthquakes)
NATURAL DAM
beavers create dams primarily out of mud and sticks to flood a particular habitable area.
BEAVER DAM
Sum of all rotation towards the upstream side (counteracts)
RIGHTING MOMENT
Sum of all rotation towards the downstream side
OVERTURNING MOMENT
