Daily Pile Flashcards
Releasing and inhibiting factors
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: hypothalamus
Target: anterior pituitary
Effect: modify activity
Growth hormone (GH)
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: anterior pituitary
Effect: ⬆️ bone and muscle growth, ⬆️ cell turnover rate
Prolactin
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: anterior pituitary
Target: mammary gland
Effect: milk production
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: anterior pituitary-tropic
Target: thyroid
Effect: ⬆️ synthesis and release of TH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: anterior pituitary
Effect: ⬆️ growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: anterior pituitary-gonadotropic
Target: ovary and testes
Effect: ovulation and testosterone synthesis
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: anterior pituitary
Target: ovary and testes
Effect: follicle development in ovaries and spermatogenesis in testes
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: posterior pituitary
Target: kidney
Effect: water retention
Oxytocin
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: posterior pituitary
Target: breast and uterus
Effect: in breast-milk letdown, uterus-contraction
Thyroid hormone (TH, thyroxine)
Class: modified amino acid
Gland that makes it: thyroid
Effect: child- necessary for physical and mental development; adult- ⬆️ metabolic rate and temperature
Calcitonin
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: thyroid- thyroid C cells
Effect: bone, kidneys; lowers serum [Ca2+]
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: parathyroids
Effect: bone, kidney, small intestine/raises serum [Ca2+]
Thymosin (children only)
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: thymus
Effect: T cell development during childhood
Epinephrine
Class: modified amino acid
Gland that makes it: adrenal medulla
Effect: sympathetic stress response (rapid)
Cortisol( “glucocorticoid”)
Class: steroid
Gland that makes it: adrenal cortex
Effect: long-term stress response; ⬆️ blood [glucose];⬆️ protein catabolism; ⬇️ inflammation and immunity; many other
Aldosterone (“mineralocorticoid”)
Class: steroid
Gland that makes it: adrenal cortex
Target: kidney
Effect: ⬆️ Na+ reabsorption to ⬆️b.p.
Sex steroids
Gland that makes it: adrenal cortex
Effect: not normally important, but an adrenal cortex tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization
Insulin
- beta cells secrete
- absent or ineffective in diabetes mellitus
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: endocrine pancreas- islets of Langerhans
Effect: ⬇️ blood [glucose], ⬆️ glycogen and fat storage
Glucagon
- alpha cells secrete
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: endocrine pancreas
Effect: ⬆️ blood [glucose], ⬇️ glycogen and fat storage
Somatostatin
- SS-gamma cells secrete
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: endocrine pancreas
Effect: inhibits many digestive processes
Testosterone
Class: steroid
Gland that makes it: testes
Effect: male characteristics, spermatogenesis
Estrogen
Class: steroid
Gland that makes it: ovaries/ placenta
Effect: female characteristics, endometrial growth
Progesterone
Class: steroid
Gland that makes it: ovaries/ placenta
Effect:endometrial secretion, pregnancy
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: heart
Target: kidney
Effect: ⬆️ urination to ⬇️ blood pressure
Erythropoietin
Class: peptide
Gland that makes it: kidney
Target: bone marrow
Effect: ⬆️ RBC synthesis
