Daily Hasses and Kanner et al. (1981) Flashcards
What are daily hassles?
Minor but frequent everyday annoyances that cause stress.
What is the primary appraisal of a daily hassle?
We consider how threatening the hassle is to our psychological health.
What is the secondary appraisal of a daily hassle?
We consider how well we can cope with the hassle.
What is the Hassles scale?
A list of 117 items from seven categories (e.g. work). All of the applicable hassles from that day are selected, and their severity is rated from 1-3.
What are daily uplifts?
A minor but frequent daily ‘boost’ that improves mood, and counteracts the effects of daily hassles.
What is the Uplifts scale and who created it in which year?
Kanner et al (1981) created the Uplifts scale consisting of 135 uplifts, used to measure events that counteract stress.
What is a strength of daily hassles?
Ivancevich (1986) found that hassles are a better predictor of job-related illness than life events, therefore providing evidence that supports daily hassles.
What is a weakness of daily hassles?
Scales are completed by recalling hassles, however this may be inaccurate if participants forget hassles they experienced. Research over- or underestimates impact of hassles on stress/health.
How may daily hassles cause illness?
The effects of daily hassles accumulate. Also, a life event causes a series of many daily hassles rather than being a single event.
What was the aim of the study by Kanner et al. (1981)?
To compare the Hassles and Uplifts scale with the SRRS as predictors of psychological symptoms of stress, i.e. illness.
What was the procedure of the study by Kanner et al. (1981)?
There were 100 participants: aged 45-64, white, well-educated, on an adequate income and from the Bay Lake area in California. The participants completed the Hassles and Uplifts scale once a month for 9 months, and completed the SRRS twice: once 1 month before the study and another as part of the 10th month assessment. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist and the Bradburn Morale Scale were given once a month for 9 months.
What does the Hopkins Symptom Checklist measure, and how often did participants complete it?
Symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Participants completed it once a month for 9 months.
What does the Bradburn Morale Scale measure, and how often did participants complete it?
Positive and negative emotions. Participants completed it once a month for 9 months.
How many participants were used in the study by Kanner et al. (1981), and how many men and women were there?
100 participants: 52 women and 48 men.
What was the general demographic of the participants?
White, well-educated, on an adequate income, and from the Bay Lake area in California.
What were the findings of the study by Kanner et al. (1981)?
Both hassles and uplifts scores were generally consistent from month to month.
In men: life events positively correlated with hassles (more life events = more hassles), and negatively correlated with uplifts (more life events = fewer uplifts)
In women: life events positively correlated with both hassles and uplifts.
Daily hassles were a significantly better predictor of psychological symptoms.
How did life events correlate with hassles and uplifts in women?
Life events positively correlated with both hassles and uplifts.
How did life events correlate with hassles and uplifts in men?
Life events positively correlated with hassles, and negatively correlated with uplifts.
What were the conclusions of the study by Kanner et al. (1981)?
Hassles are a more reliable predictor of stress and psychological symptoms than life events.
