Da Joints

Question 1

What are the functions of joints

Answer 1

They give the skeleton mobility and hold it together

Question 2

What are the three structural classifications of articulations

Answer 2

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 3

What are the three functional classifications of articulations

Answer 3

Synarthroses (immovable), Amphiarthroses (slightly moveable), and Diarthroses (freely moveable)

Question 4

What are the properties of fibrous articulations

Answer 4

Bones joined by dense fibrous CT, no joint cavity, most are immovable

Question 5

What are the three types of fibrous articulations

Answer 5

Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

Question 6

Where are sutures found

Answer 6

The skull. They allow for growth during youth and then ossify and fuse

Question 7

Where are syndesmoses found

Answer 7

Anywhere joints are held together by a ligament, such as the interosseous membrane connecting the radius and ulna

Question 8

Where are gomphoses found

Answer 8

The teeth in alveolar sockets

Question 9

What are the properties of cartilaginous articulations

Answer 9

No joint cavity, slightly movable

Question 10

What are the two types of cartilaginous articulations

Answer 10

Synchondroses and symphyses

Question 11

Where are synchondroses located

Answer 11

In bars or plates of hyaline cartilage that unite bones, such as the temporary epiphyseal plate

Question 12

Where are symphyses located

Answer 12

Anywhere fibrocartilage unites bone, such as the intervertebral joints

Question 13

What are the properties of synovial articulations (six)

Answer 13

Articular cartilage, joint (synovial) cavity, articular (joint) capsule, synovial fluid, different types of reinforcing ligaments, nerves and blood vessels

Question 14

What is the function of articular cartilage and what does it consist of

Answer 14

Prevents crushing of bone ends, hyaline cartilage

Question 15

What is the structure of the articular cavity

Answer 15

Two layers thick, external fibrous layer is made of dense irregular CT and the inner synovial membrane is made of loose CT that makes synovial fluid

Question 16

What are the properties of synovial fluid

Answer 16

It’s a filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid that lubricates and nourishes articular cartilage. Also contains phagocytes to remove microbes and debris

Question 17

What are the three different types of reinforcing ligaments

Answer 17

Capsular (thickened part of fibrous layer), extracapsular (outside the capsule), intracapsular (deep to the capsule, covered by synovial membrane)

Question 18

What are the functions of the nerves and blood vessels in synovial joints

Answer 18

Proprioception (perception and awareness of the position and movement of the body in space), nerves detect pain & monitor joint position and stretch, capillary beds supply filtrate for synovial fluid

Question 19

Other features of synovial joints (two)

Answer 19

Fatty pads (cushioning between fibrous layer of capsule and synovial membrane or bone) and articular discs (menisci). Fibrocartilage separate articular surfaces to improve fit of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear

Question 20

What are the three factors that dictate joint stability

Answer 20

Shape of articular surface, ligament number and location, and muscle tone

Question 21

Origin

Answer 21

Attachment to immovable bone

Question 22

Insertion

Answer 22

Attachment to movable bone

Question 23

Nonaxial

Answer 23

Slipping movements only

Question 24

Uniaxial

Answer 24

Movement in one plane

Question 25

Biaxial

Answer 25

Movement in two planes

Question 26

Multiaxial

Answer 26

Movement in or around all three planes