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KP WSET Diploma 4 > D4 3 Portugal > Flashcards

D4 3 Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

During the 1940s, two incredibly successful Portuguese Rosé wines were launched. What were the names of these wines?

A

Mateus Rose 1942

Lancers Rose 1944

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2
Q

Portugal has a range of climates

  1. The south of Portugal tends to be (1) than rest of the country.
  2. The west of the country is strongly influenced by the 2. bringing cool, rainy weather.
  3. The more inland regions are protected from the ocean by mountains; therefore, these inland regions tend to have a more (2) climate.
A

Where are these climates found in Portugal

  1. warmer and drier
  2. Atlantic ocean
  3. Continental
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3
Q

Portugal has a range of soil types.

  1. Mountainous regions tend to have (1) soils
  2. Whereas the soils of coastal regions tend to be composed of (2)
  3. Some vineyards located on riverbanks have (3) soils.
A

Where are the soil types found in Portugal

  1. schist or granite
  2. clay, limestone or sand
  3. alluvial
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4
Q

Most wines produced in Portugal are blends of different grape varieties. However, there are particular instances of single varietal wines from specific regions. Identify the grape varieties to the regions where they are frequently used to produce single varietal wines.

  1. Bairrada
  2. Dao
  3. Moncao e Melgaco
A

Identify the regions where they are frequently used to produce single varietal wines.

  1. Baga
  2. Encruzado
  3. Alvarinho
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5
Q

Some Portuguese producers are experimenting with traditional winemaking techniques.
For example, there has been a niche revival of the very large vessels used in the past. These are called (1) and range from (1) to(1) litres.

More commonly, producers are buying slightly smaller vessels called (2) which can contain (2) - (2) litres.

A
  1. toneis (3,000-6,000) liters. Made of Portuguese Oak and Brazilian Hardwood. Tradition has been maintained by some high profile wineries mainly in Bairrada
  2. foudres (2,000-2500) liters
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6
Q

Worldwide Oak Trends - 3 things

A

Worldwide oak trends, producers have become more restrained in their use of oak than in past decades.

  1. AMT NEW
  2. TIME
  3. SIZE
  4. reducing the amount of new oak
  5. and/or time in wood and
  6. ageing wines in larger format oak.
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7
Q

Portugal is number one in the world when grape growing is measured as a percentage of total agricultural output. What percentage of total agricultural output does grape growing account for in Portugal?

A

35%

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8
Q

What is the name of the largest wine company in Portugal?

A

Sogrape.
Sogrape: since 1980s, has acquired leading Port brands and estates in Vinho Verde, the Douro, Dão, Alentejo and Lisboa
Biggest wine company in Portugal, with an annual revenue that exceeds the total of the next seven biggest producers combined.

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9
Q

Which Portuguese wine producing region has the largest sales to the domestic market?

A

Alentejo

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10
Q

Match the VR found in the same region with the following DOCs.

  1. Minho Vinho Regional
  2. Duriense Vinho Regional
  3. Terras do Dao Vinho Regional
  4. Beira Atlantica Vinho Regional
  5. Alentjo Vinho Regional ( or Vinho de Talha DOC)- amphora
  6. Tejo Vinho Regional
  7. Lisboa Vinho Regional
  8. Peninsula de Setubal Vinho Regional
A

Match the DOC’s found in the same region with the VRs

  1. Vinho Verde DOC
  2. Douro DOC
  3. Dao DOC
  4. Bairrada DOC
  5. Alentejo DOC
  6. Tejo DOC
  7. Alenquer DOC or Bucelas DOC
  8. Palmela DOC
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11
Q

Most Vinho Verde wines are made in a protective manner to preserve the fresh, fruity characteristics of the grapes, and most wines are blends of different grape varieties. Names of the grapes grown in Vinho Verde..

A
  1. Loureiro
  2. Alvarinho
  3. Pedernã
  4. Avesso
  5. Trajadura
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12
Q

Grape grown in Vinho Verde - what is the style?

  1. Loureiro
A
  1. Loureiro: grown throughout the region, predominantly towards the coast. mid-ripening
    ACID: medium (+) AROMAS: citrus, pear, floral & herbal “
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13
Q

Grape grown in Vinho Verde - what is the style?

  1. Alvarinho
A
  1. Alvarinho: FLAVOR: citrus, peach and sometimes tropical BODY: medium (+) ACID: medium (+) to high. Traditionally GROWN: exclusively in the north of Vinho Verde, in a sub-region just south of the Spanish border, Monção e Melgaço. High quality led to more plantings in region…named grape variety on the wine label from 2016
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14
Q

Grape grown in Vinho Verde - what is the style?

  1. Pedernã
A
  1. Pedernã: midripening and relatively productive. Wines more neutral than Loureiro or Alvarinho, with subtle citrus and apple fruit and high acidity
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15
Q

Grape grown in Vinho Verde - what is the style?

  1. Avesso
A
  1. Avesso: is a late-ripening grape and can fail to ripen fully unless weather conditions are relatively warm and dry. grown inland in the south of the region, particularly in the sub-region of Baião, benefitting from
    the slightly warmer, drier conditions here. Avesso is lower in acidity than some of the other varieties, can be relatively full-bodied and displays citrus and stone fruit.
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16
Q

Grape grown in Vinho Verde - what is the style?

  1. Trajadura
A
  1. Trajadura: (called Treixadura in Rías Baixas in Spain) is low in acidity with apple and peach flavours - blended with varieties that have higher levels of acidity.”
17
Q

Legal minimum alcohol levels for Vinho Verde wines.

A

Vinho Verde wines that do not mention the sub-region on the label must be a minimum of 8% ABV.

Wines that do mention the sub-region on the label must be at least 9% ABV.

Single varietal Alvarinho from Monção e Melgaço must be made to lower maximum yields than those for wines from Vinho Verde in general and have a minimum alcohol level of 11.5% ABV.

18
Q

The grapes used in still red wines from the Douro.

A

SAME AS PORT: Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca & Tinto Cão. The DOC permits a large range of other Portuguese varieties.

19
Q

identify the three Douro sub-regions, then:

  1. Describe where each sub-region is located in the Douro.
  2. Identify the general climate and rainfall in each region.
A

Douro Superior: Situated in the east in the Upper Douro. A hot continental and arid region with 18 inches -450 mm of rain per annum.

Cima Corgo: Situated in the centre of the
Douro Valley. A warm continental and dry region with 28 inches- 700 mm of rain per annum.

Baixo Corgo: Situated in the west of the Douro Valley. The coolest and wettest region (more influence coming from the Atlantic Ocean) with 35 inches- 900 mm rain per annum.

20
Q

Can you irrigate in Douro?

A

2019 IVDP relaxed the regulations about irrigation which was not previously permitted

21
Q

Which of the following white grape varieties are frequently used in white Douro wines?

A

Douro DOC white : traditional Portuguese varieties, many native to the Douro Valley. 1. Viosinho (full-bodied with floral notes and stone fruit, but can lack acidity), 2. Rabigato (high acidity, citrus and floral), 3. Gouveio (called Godello in Spain, medium (+) acidity, citrus and stone fruit) sometimes with 4. Moscatel Galego Branco (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains) to enhance the intensity of aromas.

22
Q

Briefly describe the difference in winemaking techniques used for the traditional style of red wines made of Baga in Bairrada, and more modern styles. How do these winemaking techniques account for the differences in the styles of wine?

A

Winemaking techniques:

Traditionally Baga is whole bunch fermented (with stems) in lagares. Ageing is generally in the large toneis made from Portuguese or Brazilian oak.

Modern styles have moved away from whole bunch, with most grapes being destemmed prior to fermentation. Some producers do use a proportion of whole bunches or others might add some stems to the fermentation. The fermentation may take place in stainless steel, and/or open concrete vats. Maturation is generally carried out in large (500-650L) French oak vessels. Large foudres are used by others and can be made from French, Italian or Austrian oak.

Styles of the wine:

Traditional wines have a structure that needs a long time in bottle to yield a more approachable wine.

The modern style of wine is approachable in youth and displays fresher fruit character. If stems are included in the ferment, the wine will benefit from time in bottle to develop and soften.

23
Q

Why do producers choose to put Lisboa on the label rather than a DOC labelling term?

A

Lisboa is more recognisable than any of the nine DOCs in the region.

24
Q

There are two DOCs in Península de Setúbal. The first is Setúbal DOC. What is the other DOC called, famous for producing red wines made from at least 67% Castelão?

A

Palmela DOC

KP WSET Diploma 4 (2 decks)

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