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D3 Jeff > D3 Study > Flashcards

D3 Study Flashcards

1
Q

Vehicle load damage to buried pipes dissipates _____ ft below the surface, and the _____ the trench, the less possibility of pipe damage from vehicles loads.

A

2 to 5, narrower

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2
Q

When casing is used for under a rail Road or Highway, the casing pipe diameter should be _____ Larger than the outside diameter of the Watermain bells

A

2 to 8 in.

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3
Q

What does the service line size primarily depend upon?

A

Elevation difference between main and highest building point served

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4
Q

Standards for tapping ______ Have been withdrawn by AWWA

A

Asbestos cement

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5
Q

This type of valve should be use so that restricted flow and increase pumping cost should not occur

A

Air relief valve

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6
Q

What type of valve is used in distribution system where the main is not buried very deep?

A

Horizontal gate valve

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7
Q

A valve that should not be operated frequently because it requires too much time to open and close is a

A

Gate valve

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8
Q

This type of valve provides low volume flow without the need for opening the main valve

A

Bypass valve

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9
Q

What type of valve produces high head loss even when fully opened

A

Globe valve

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10
Q

This type of valve is similar to globe valves except their desks are usually maintained against the seat by a spring

A

Pressure relief valve

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11
Q

_____ head is a measurement of the _____ distance from the hydraulic grade line to the energy great line

A

Velocity, vertical

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12
Q

What are the two main elements that affect the efficient delivery of water

A

Water losses and energy usage

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13
Q

The most significant and useful head measurement from an operating standpoint is

A

Pressure

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14
Q

A distribution system performance category would include

A

Reliability

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15
Q

Friction had loss is one of the ______ head losses to calculate. The formula most commonly used is the _____ formula.

A

Simplest , Hazen Williams

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16
Q

A high-capacity pump will need to overcome ____ head that may be many times greater than the _____

A

Friction, increase in flow rate

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17
Q

The pump centerline is represented by a _____ line drawn through the center of the pump, and it is important because it is the _____

A

Horizontal, reference line from which pump head measurements are made

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18
Q

All the power of the electric current driving the motor is used to drive the pump. However, some of the current is used to overcome _____ within the motor, and some current is lost to the conversion of _____ to _____

A

Friction, electrical energy, mechanical energy

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19
Q

What is wire to wire efficiency

A

Motor efficiency times pump efficiency

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20
Q

What type of valve allows for the opening and closing speeds of an actuator to be adjusted

A

Needle valve

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21
Q

What can help a water utility avoid using large pumps?

A

Elevated storage tanks

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22
Q

What type of storage most likely not require an emergency pump?

A

Elevated tank

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23
Q

Where are air relief valves used?

A

On the discharge side of a well pump and at the high points in transmission pipelines

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24
Q

The fire insurance underwriters recommend high value districts should have a minimum pipe sizes

A

8 to 12 inches

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25
Q

The fire insurance underwriters recommend that residential areas should have a minimum pipe sizes of

A

6 to 8 inches

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26
Q

What is the most likely problem that oversize pipes cause?

A

Water quality problems

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27
Q

A pipe friction loss depends on a combination of factors, including

A

Flow velocity, pipe roughness, and pipe diameter

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28
Q

Pipe sizes can be determined using the friction loss calculation from the

A

Hazen William formula

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29
Q

The distribution system design should include equal emphasis on _____ and _____

A

Quantity, quality

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30
Q

General factors to be considered for selection of pipe include service connections. What is the main factor that should be considered for service connections

A

Pressure

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31
Q

What inoculant is added to molten iron that makes it strong enough in producing ductile iron pipe

A

Magnesium

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32
Q

If a pressure test in a particular location indicates a wide variation from night to peak day use, then the

A

System is being stressed

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33
Q

What type of pipe has high tensile strength and low cost and is good hydraulically when lined but is subject to general corrosion if installed unprotected in a corrosive environment?

A

Steel pipe

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34
Q

What type of joint utilizes a bolted, segmental, clamp type, mechanical coupling with a housing that encloses a U-shaped rubber gasket?

A

Grooved joints

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35
Q

What type of pipe is easy to fabricate and special configurations, relatively easy to transport and install, and is resistant to shock load and has the ability to bend to some degree but can collapse due to partial vacuum from rapid emptying

A

Steel pipe

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36
Q

What type of pipe is generally easy to install, easy to ship, easy to handle, and generally of low cost but susceptible to buckling under a vacuum?

A

PVC pipe

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37
Q

The use of _____ has decreased remarkably because of structural difficulties causing premature pipe failures

A

Polybutylene pipe

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38
Q

What type of piping material is corrosion resistant and light weight and has a low installation cost but has low molecules of elasticity

A

Fiberglass pipe

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39
Q

Water utilities that purchase their water during off-peak hours will usually pay much less. The rate charge for this water is often called

A

Off peak charge

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40
Q

A water system may need a large amount of storage if it depends on a single, long transmission mean as it’s only water source. This type of system usually provides storage equal to at least _____ of water use

A

1 day

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41
Q

____ demand can account for as much as _____ of the total capacity of a storage system

A

Fire, 50%

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42
Q

What type(s) of large water storage is (are) usually equipped with an adjacent pumping system that can be used in an emergency to pump water to the distribution system?

A

Standpipes

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43
Q

Most elevator storage tanks are constructed out of

A

Steel

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44
Q

What type of concrete storage tank is constructed by first installing an inner concrete core wall that establishes the reservoirs form

A

Circular, prestressed concrete tank

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45
Q

In cold climates, any exposed risers on multicolumn tanks are generally _____ In diameter or larger to allow for freezing around the inside edge of the riser

A

6 feet

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46
Q

And inside ladder will not be installed in elevated tanks that are

A

In cold climates

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47
Q

The coatings inside a tank must not cause _____ and must meet _____

A

Taste and odor, NSF International standards

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48
Q

Where water tanks regularly form ice inside, they should be protected from corrosion by using sacrificial anodes that are ____ the tank

A

Welded to a submerged structure in

49
Q

Tanks that form ice inside should have

A

Nothing exposed inside that can be damaged by the ice

50
Q

If sodium hypochlorite is used to disinfect the storage tank, the total value of the entire tank should have a free chlorine residual of at least _____ after the proper detention time

A

10 mg/L

51
Q

If after the appropriate detention time I disinfected tank test positive for _____, It must be disinfected again and re-tested until at least _____ Consecutive sample test safe

A

Total coliform, two

52
Q

What should be inspected on an altitude valve that feels an elevated tank

A

Opening and closing speed to prevent water hammer

and

make sure valve is letting enough water in to fill the tank

53
Q

In a Venturi meter, the difference in pressure before the constriction and at the throat can be measured, and the change in pressure is

A

Proportional to the square of the velocity

54
Q

Why is the design of the suction piping so important

A

To allow sufficient flow

To minimize pressure losses

55
Q

The joints on large sized suction piping should be _____, and for smaller sized pipes, the joints should be _____

A

Flanged, screwed or flanged

56
Q

In the pump characteristic curves, three curves are use that relate _____, _____ and _____

A

Head to discharge, efficiency to discharge, power to discharge

57
Q

A vertical turbine pump is a type of

A

Velocity pump

58
Q

A velocity pump will convert the velocity and pressure of the water to _____ and ____ because of the _____

A

Low velocity, high pressure, shape of the volute or shape of the diffuser vanes

59
Q

What type of pump generally develops very high heads and has low flow capacities

A

Radial flow pump

60
Q

What type of pump move the water parallel to the axis of the pump rather than being thrown outward

A

Axial flow pump

61
Q

What type of pumps are manufactured in a wide range of sizes and designs, combining efficiency with high speeds to create the highest heads obtainable from velocity pumps?

A

Vertical turbine pumps

62
Q

The close fitting impeller of this type of pump prohibits any pumping of solid sediment, such as sand, find grit, and silt

A

Vertical turbine pump

63
Q

For monitoring flow at _____ And for control purposes, meters must be provided with _____ that are _____ to the flow rate

A

Remote locations, pulses or an electrical outlet, proportional

64
Q

What is a disadvantage of using a vertical turbine pump

A

High repair cost

65
Q

Many older plants have instrumentation that runs on pneumatic air with an operating range of _____, And newer plants run with electrical transmission using either current or voltage, the most common being ____

A

3 to 15 psig, 4-20 mA direct current (DC)

66
Q

What type of transmission allows signals to pass in only one direction

A

Simplex

67
Q

Large pumps should be started with the discharge valve _____. If a foot valve does not exist and no head is on the suction side of the pump, it should be primed using a _____.

A

Closed, vacuum pump or ejector operated with Steam, air, or water

68
Q

If a pump with a check valve on the discharge side experiences water hammer when shut down suddenly, what can be installed to absorb this pressure shot

A

Relief valves

69
Q

What is a pump design called if it has the pump unit mounted on the shaft of the motor that drives the pump with the motor bearings supporting the impeller

A

Close coupled

70
Q

Double suction pumps will use impellers

A

Only of the closed design

71
Q

In some centrifugal pumps, only one wear is mounted _____; Others utilize two wear rings, _____

A

In the case; one on the impeller and one in the case

72
Q

The clearance between the rotating impeller wear ring and the stationary case wear ring is usually

A

0.010 to 0.020 inches

73
Q

A double suction pump shaft and impeller is secured together by _____. An end-suction pumps impeller is mounted on the end of the shaft and held in place by a.

A

A key, key nut

74
Q

If a pump operates under a high suction head, what should be used

A

A mechanical seal

75
Q

Mechanical seals are designed so that they can be ____ balanced and have an operating life to as much as _____

A

Hydraulically, 20,000 hours

76
Q

A pump that develops a partial vacuum on the suction side must be fitted with (a) close clearance _____ between the _____ and the suction passage of the pump to maintain lubrication, cooling, and the flushing fluid at the _____

A

Bushing, seal, seal

77
Q

EPANET is a computer program that performs extended period simulation of _____ and _____ Behavior within pressurized pipe networks

A

Hydraulic, water quality

78
Q

Hydraulic modeling capabilities can compute friction head loss using the

A

Hazen William’s formula

79
Q

What type of actuators will operate by a limit switch for on and off and can be fitted with controls that can be adjusted to leave the valve partially open for use in throttling

A

Electric actuators

80
Q

What type of actuators would use electric solenoid valves to operate the valve in each direction

A

Hydraulic actuators

81
Q

What type of actuators need sufficient reserve capacity to provide continuous operation after a power failure

A

Pneumatic actuators

82
Q

Although pneumatic actuators can be used on _____, they are more common on _____.

A

Isolation valves, control valves

83
Q

How does the valve work in a standard compression hydrant

A

The valve closes with the water pressure against the seat

84
Q

How does the valve work on a toggle hydrant

A

Valve closes horizontally

85
Q

If the hydrant needs to be throttled, one of the nozzles should be fitted with a _____ and the hydrant valve funny opened

A

Gate valve

86
Q

In large motors both the _____ are electromagnets

A

Rotor and stator

87
Q

There must be at least two poles in a motor, but there can be more depending on how the ______ is made and how the _____ are wired and connected

A

Stator, current-carrying coils

88
Q

A four-pole motor has synchronous speed of

A

1800 rpm’s

89
Q

What is the starting current on a motor called

A

Locked rotor current

90
Q

What type of motor has a high starting torque and a high starting current

A

Capacitor start motor

91
Q

What type of motor has a starting current that is seldom greater than normal full load current

A

Wound rotor induction motor’s

92
Q

What development got us away from manually starting large motors that posed a considerable danger of shock and electrocution

A

Magnetic starters

93
Q

Where extreme accuracy is required, what type of level sensor can be fitted with a special adaptation that is a level transmitter called a stage recorder?

A

Float mechanism

94
Q

What type of level sensor is commonly use a strain gauge sensor to convert their changes into an electrical signal

A

Bubbler tubes and diaphragm

95
Q

Electronica signal transmissions use

A

Electrical current or voltage signals

96
Q

These analog systems can be used only for short distances

A

Current and voltage

97
Q

These analog systems can be used only for long distances

A

Post duration modulation and variable frequency

98
Q

What is it called when signals are allowed to be passed in both directions simultaneously

A

Pulse duration modulation

99
Q

What is an example of an automatic control device

A

Thermostat

100
Q

What type of control requires ability to predict outfit

A

Feed forward control

101
Q

This type of control is open loop

A

Feed forward control

102
Q

What type of control reacts to an error and adjust to correct it

A

Feedback control

103
Q

What type of control is a closed loop

A

Feedback control

104
Q

Which type of meter should have a strainer installed ahead of the flow into it to protect it from sediment and other objects in the water

A

Compound meter

105
Q

This type of water meter is used wear daily flow is usually low, but on occasion like in an emergency the flow has to be very high

A

Detector check meter

106
Q

In most cases, the meter size is installed ___ The service line

A

One size smaller

107
Q

If large capacity and close accuracy at low flows is important, what type of meter is best?

A

Compound type meter

108
Q

What type of meter has an inductive coil mounted on a wall or on the cover of the meter pit and where the meter reader gets near the interactive coil to obtain the reading

A

Scanning type unit

109
Q

What does system metering accomplish?

A

Helps in administrating water rights
Helps determine pump in pipeline capacity
Helps engineer and design of water system improvements

110
Q

Propeller meters are primary use for the measurement of

A

Main lines

111
Q

Proportional meters are _____ but are _____. However, they have _____

A

Relatively accurate, difficult to maintain, little friction loss

112
Q

Microbial incidence due to cross connections are most likely caused by

A

Sewage

113
Q

The casing for a tunnel under a railroad or highway is usually made out of

A

Steel or concrete pipe

114
Q

Water quality considerations need to be included in the design of pipeline networks. By integrating these concepts with _____ and ___ Requirements, many future water quality problems can be avoided

A

Volume, pressure

115
Q

The ___ can get soil worked up from the bottom, and the ______ can probably bring the curb stop and ____ up with it if the box is pulled from the ground, for example by a backhoe

A

Arc pattern base, Minneapolis style curb stops in boxes, service line

116
Q

Some ___ have _____ Requiring the maintenance of drawings and records so that the utility can respond to emergencies, personal injuries, or damage to underground utility services during excavation’s

A

States, statues or regulations

117
Q

Water supply should try to reference their comprehensive maps to the _____ for range and section lines

A

State coordinate system

118
Q

Water distribution system operators will occasionally deal with _____. These _____ should be referenced to _____

A

Plan and profile drawings, engineer in drawings, section lines or property lines

119
Q

What is another name for a transmitter

A

Transducer

D3 Jeff (1 decks)

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