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D3 > d3 general > Flashcards

d3 general Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to the fertility of soils on slopes

A

the further up a slope you go, generally the thinner and poorer the soil becomes.

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2
Q

Name a gap in the mayacamas that allows cool air to funnel through.

A

Chalk hill gap near castiloga

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3
Q

What does long hang time result in for grapes.

A

physiologically ripe grapes with ripe tannins, deep colour and quite high alcohol.

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4
Q

What are the two valleys in the central valley of Cali

A

San Joaquin valley in the south and Sacremento valley to the north.

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5
Q

What are the soils of the Central Valley

A

flat, free draining, sandy and clay loam.

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6
Q

True or False

Pump overs are a gentle technique that ensure even distribution of temp. between cap and liquid.

A

True

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7
Q

Are punch downs more or less extractive than pump overs. And when should they be carried out.

A

More extractive. Care should be taken to carry it out earlier as towards the end of fermentation tannins are more easily extracted.

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8
Q

Is rack and return very extractive?

A

Yes. The most. Usually only carried out twice during fermentation.

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9
Q

What does post fermentation maceration help promote?

A

polymerization of tannins.

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10
Q

How much more expensive is land in Napa compared to Central Valley

A

10 X

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11
Q

What does Muscadelle provide to Sweet White Bordeaux

A

It is prone to Botrytis and provides a flowery, grapey characteristic.

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12
Q

The 3 grape varieties of Rioja and what they provide to a blend.

A

Tempranillo provides raspberry and black plum fruit with medium/medium (+) acidity and tannins. Garnacha brings sweeter red fruit character, lower tannin and more rounded body and alcohol. Some portions of Graciano may also be included in the final blend, which would contribute high acidity and tannin

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13
Q

Rioja category ageing requirements for reds. Go

A

Crianza - 24 months total ageing time with 12 in barrel

Reserva - 36 months with 12 months in barrel and 6 in bottle.

Gran Reserva - months with 24 months in barrel and 24 months in bottle.

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14
Q

Rioja category ageing requirements for whites and Rose. Go

A

Crianza and Reserva - 24 months total with 6 in barrel

Gran Reserva - 48 months total with 6 in barrel.

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15
Q

Cab Sav Facts

A

Late budding, small berry thick skin, prone to fungal, ripens late

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16
Q

Chardonnay Facts

A

Early budding, early ripening, high yiedls without loss, prone to powdery, grey rot and millerandage

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17
Q

Semillon

A

Mid ripening, susceptible to botrytis, can carry high yields

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18
Q

Merlot

A

Early budding, Mid ripening, susceptible to coulure, drought, botrytis (necessary to sought)

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19
Q

Riesling

A

Cold hardy, late budding, needs good site, high yield, good resistance, thick wood frost resistant, late ripening

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20
Q

Sav B

A

Late budding, early ripening, grows vigorously (need poor soil, avoid over shading), prone to powdery , botrytis

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21
Q

Grenache/Garnacha

A

High yield, needs warm, ripens late, upright growth, oxidises easily, drought resistant, prone to coulure, fungal, accumulates sugar easily

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22
Q

Pinot Noir

A

Early budding, ripen early, yield must be limited, Delicate prone to lots,

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23
Q

Chenin

A

Early budding, vigorous can carry high yields, ripens late, ripens unevenly, prone to botrytis

24
Q

Malbec

A

Vigorous, susceptibel to colour, mid ripeneing

25
Q

Cab Franc

A

Early budding, prone to coulure, mid ripening, needs full ripening avoid leafy

26
Q

Syrah/Shiraz

A

Late budding, short ripening maturity period, highly vigorous, susceptible to chlorosis, syrah decline - graft swells turns leaves red vine dies, reductive

27
Q

Sangiovese

A

Buds early, late ripenenr, does best on well draining, thick skins, susceptible to botrytis, vigorous

28
Q

Nebbiolo

A

Buds early, late ripenenr, vigorous, said to be most perfumed on marl, pruned high as first few buds infertil.

29
Q

Trousseau

A

Thick skin, can suffer from botrytis
Poor flowering and coulure, reducing yields.
Vigorous
Needs warm site to fully ripen. Like lower part slope.

30
Q

Poulsard

A

Buds v early, thin skin, ripens early

31
Q

Savagnin

A

Buds early (spring frost)
Thick skinned - good resistance
Thrives on steep slopes - marl.

32
Q

Tempranillo

A

Early ripening, needs warm with some cooling.

33
Q

Zonda Wind

A

In Argentina, hot dry wind occuring in late spring, affects fruit set’ lower humidity, reduces yields. Can use trees as windbreak.

34
Q

Parral

A

High pergola system to raise crops away from heat of ground, found in Argentina

35
Q

Free trade agreement in South America

A

Mercosur

36
Q

Business affects on Argentina

A

Weak pesso boom in 2000s, high inflation increased production costs, imposed restriction foreign ownership of land - lifted in 2016. High domestic consumption - only 20% exported. Production quantity affected by El Nino

37
Q

Central Mendoza Sub regions

A

Lujan de Cuyo -old vine malbec, where river meets andes. High min ageing 24 months

Las Compuertas - within Lujan, super high alt, wide diurnal, firm tannin, full body

Agrelo - within Lujan, lower clay, riper. Semillon too

Maipu - Lower than Lujan - warmer , lot old vines, intensely fruity

38
Q

Uco Valley General

A

Super high alt, cooler, wider diurnal, slow sugar accum, retain acid, deep colour.

39
Q

Uco Valley Sub Region

A

GI Valle de Uco - Tupungato, Tunuyan, San Carlos

Tupungato - highest, foot of volcano, fresh full body

Gultallary - Witihin Tupungato, high quality, limestone, high acid, lighter body

Tunuyan - Range of alts, cooler higher, lower warmer

San Carlos - old vine reds.
GI Paraje Altamira - alluvial fan, high presence of calcium carbonate, more intense full body

40
Q

Southern Mendoza

A

San Rafael - lower alt, longer summers, slower ripening

prone to hail, medium body, Chenin signature

41
Q

San Juan Province

A

Hotter lower diurnal than Mendoza, inexpensive high yield.
Syrah becoming speciality
Perdernal vally - high alt site, better acid

42
Q

La Rioja province

A

high volume, largest fairtrade producer worldwide

43
Q

Salta

A 
Calchaqui river provides water in desert
Low lat, super high alt
surrounding mountains provide shade
Zonda wind 
Torrontes - Cafayete 1700m
44
Q

Patagonia

A

Flora malbec
constant winds, thick skins
Rio negro province - old vine semillon
Neuquen - riper, lack of water, new region

45
Q

Two RSA currents

A

Benguela current - cooling cold north flowing
Agulhas - indian ocean warmer
they mix lowering temps, adding fog and breezes

46
Q

Cape doctor

A

SE wind during spring/summer
inhibits disease, can damage leaves/flowering
extends impact of Benguela

47
Q

Integrated production of wine (IPW)

A

Independently audited ,
sustainable farming, environmental imparct, water usage, biodiversity
95% of growers adhere

48
Q

WWF SA conversation

A

biodiversity conservation
energy efficient measures,
Water stewardship

49
Q

Integrity + sustainability seal

A

certifiess wines environmental credentials

chemical usage, water management, natural pesticides

50
Q

Wine and agricultural ethical trade association (WIETA)

A

Voluntary association of businesses that commit to an audited scheme of ethical trade with a focus on working conditions for workers.

51
Q

2021 Geo hierachy Germany

A

Anbaugebeit - 13 region

Region - replaces bereich and grosslage

Ortwein - Village wine, must bear name on label

Einzellage - single vineyard, must be min kabinett

Within kabinett, Erstes Gewachs and Grosses Gewachs

52
Q

Erstes Gewachs and Grosses Gewachs

A

Single vineyard, single variety, wine must be dry
pass a sensory and tasting test (potential for erstes)
Gewann - smaller parcel
Selective picking - hand picking
Smaller yields
1 March, 1 September release dates

53
Q

Why new rioja regulations

A 
sub zones could not appear on label
Nor could single vineyards or villages
Artadi left 2015
An association of basque bodegas of Alavesa proposed new separate classification
Consejo introduced in 2018
54
Q

Vino de Zona

A

ALl grapes must be from a single zone (oriental)
Vinification, ageing and bottling also within zone
15% rule - as long as it borders and prove sourcing for 10 years can be used

55
Q

Vino de Municipo

A

Villages or group of villages
15% rule, 10 consecutive years
Vinif and ageging etc must be in municipo - different from Burgundy

56
Q

Vinedo Singular

A

Particular vineyards
Must be 35 years old and owner must have owned for 10 years.
Must be sustainably managed
Checks on traceability will be carried out, with tasting

D3 (1 decks)

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