D.3 Flashcards
What’s draws blood into the liver?
The Hepatic artery and the Hepatic portal vein
What takes blood out of the liver?
The hepatic vein
How does the hepatic portal vein circulate blood through the liver?
-Blood is from the capillaries of the small intestine
- deoxygenated blood
- low pressure
- can have a lot of nutrients depending on how much digestion and absorption is going on
How does the hepatic artery circulate blood?
- blood is from the heart
- oxygenated
- high pressure
- low in nutrient
What is the blood like in the hepatic vein?
- blood is from the liver
- deoxygenated
- low pressure
- nutrient levels are stabilised
Why are the nutrients stabilised in the hepatic vein?
Because the liver sores and releases nutrients to make nutrient level in the blood returning to the heart just the right amount.
What is the function of the liver
To remove and add substances from the blood to maintain homeostasis levels
What is a hepatocyte?
Liver cells
What is the difference between sinusoids and capillaries?
Sinusoids are wider
Sinusoids are lined by endothelial cells with gaps between them, allowing large molecules to pass into the blood stream
Sinusoids contain Capasso cells to help break down, haemoglobin.
Sinusoids , receive a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
What cells in the liver remove toxins?
kupffer cells and hepatocytes
How to kupffer cells remove toxins from the body?
They use phagocytosis to remove old red blood cells and bacteria from the blood, they contain lots of lysosomes to do so
How do you hepatocytes remove toxins from the body?
They chemically change, toxins and make them water soluble, so they can pass through the urinary system
How is alcohol brought into the liver?
By the hepatic portal vein early on in the digestion process
Why is the liver particularly affected by alcohol?
Any alcohol that is still present in the blood is bought back into the liver by the hepatic artery. The liver is affected by alcohol because it passes through the liver twice.
What are the long-term effects of alcohol on the liver?
The liver can repair itself, however alcohol exposure can lead to information and swelling of damage, liver tissues, and fat accumulation in place of normal liver tissue
What is cirrhosis?
Scar tissues left when areas of the liver are destroyed
How does the liver maintain a homeostatic state for blood?
When nutrient levels are too high, the liver stores them
When nutrient levels are low, the liver releases the stored materials into the blood
What are erythrocytes and how long do they live for?
They are red blood cells and usually only live for 120 days
What happens at the end of an erythrocytes life?
It’s membrane becomes week and ruptures, which releases all of its haemoglobin molecules
What happens to the haemoglobin after the erythrocytes die?
Kupffer cells ingest the haemoglobin, using endocytosis (phagocytosis)
What is haemoglobin made up of?
For Poly peptide bonds, and it peptide has a heme group with an iron atom in the middle
What happens to the polypeptide and haemoglobin when is broken down?
It is hydrolysed into amino acids, the future protein synthesis
What happens to iron when haemoglobin is broken down?
Is sent to the bone marrow when new erythrocytes are made
What happens to the heme group when haemoglobin is broken down.
It is turned into Bilirubin, which the liver, then turns into bile
