D1b: Respiration Flashcards
Breathing
Process by which air enters and exits body
Respiration
All processes that supply O2 to cells for decomp. of glucose and co2 transport to lungs for exhalation
3 distinct processes for resp.
- Gas exchange between lungs and atmosphere
- G.e between lungs and blood
- Cell resp
Resp. System: Part 1
Nasal cavity
•hair and mucus are filter
•mucus maintains moisture
•opens into pharynx and branches into trachea and esophagus
Resp. System: Part 2
Larynx
•upper end of trachea
•protected by cartilage
•elastic ligaments=vocal chords which vibrate when air moves past
Resp. System: Part 3
Trachea
•Mucus=filter
•ciliated cells sweep debris back to pharynx
•supported by rings of cartilage
Resp. System: Part 4
Bronchi
•carry air to right and left lungs
•has cartilage rings
•branch into bronchioles
Resp. System: Part 5
Alveoli
•single layer of cells surrounded by capillaries
•gas diffusion occurs do to concentration gradient (air to blood=passive)
•high S:A
•lipoproteins prevent sac from sticking to itself during exhalation
Alveoli: Type 1 Pneumocytes
Mediate gas exchange with capillaries
Flat and thin so low diffusion distance
Alveoli: Type 2 Pneumocytes
Secretes pulmonary surfactant
•wo surfactant=small radius and high pressure
• w surfactant=alveoli can inflate and surface tension decreasing prevents sides of alveoli from adhering
Air flow through resp system (steps)
- Air enters through nose and mouth
- Air travels down larynx and trachea
- Air goes into bronchi into bronchioles where gas exchange occurs
Boyles Law
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume
• when volume in thoracic cavity is high, pressure is low= gas in
•inhaling:low pressure=air in
•exhaling:high pressure= air out
(Concentration gradient)
Diaphragm and Abdomen
Separates thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity (dome shaped)
•Inspiration: Diaphragm contracts= Down and flat and abdomen relaxes allowing pressure from diaphram to push it out
•Expiration: diaphragm relaxes up a domed and abdomen contracts up
Intercostal muscles
Inhalation- External contract= Ribs up and out, internal relax=elongate
Exhalation- External relax=elongate and internal contract= ribs in and down
Pleura of lungs
Protects lungs as fluid in pleural cavity prevents friction as lungs move against thoracic cavity walls