D1 Wine Production WSETDip

Question 1

What are the most important North American species of vine?

Answer 1

Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis berlandieri and Vitis rupestris

Question 2

What are the 4 structures of the anatomy of the vine?

Answer 2

The shoots, one-year-old-wood, permanent wood, and the roots.

Question 3

What makes up the canopy of the vine?

Answer 3

The shoots and all of their major structures - buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils and infloresences/grape bunches

Question 4

At what point does a vine become a cane?

Answer 4

In late summer or early fall, when the leaves fall from the vine and the shoots lignify (becoming woody and hard) - Most often this is after the fruit has been harvested

Question 5

What are compound buds?

Answer 5

Buds that form in one growing season and break open in the next growing season to produce the shoots for that year.

Question 6

What are prompt buds?

Answer 6

buds that form and break open in the same growing season and produce lateral shoots.

Question 7

What is the main purpose of lateral shoots?

Answer 7

• Carry on growing if the tip of the primary shoot has been damaged or eaten (second crop).
• Can provide additional source of photosynthesis if near the top of the primary shoots, as well as additional shading

Question 8

What is the main purpose of the tendrils on the vine?

Answer 8

The tendril is to support the shoots, often positioned on the trellis to position the canopy.

Question 9

What is the main purpose of leaves?

Answer 9

The allow for photosynthesis to occur, and provide shade to the grapes to prevent sunburn and slow ripening

Question 10

How does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 10

The stomata (pores) diffuse water out of the leaves and allows CO2 to enter, which will be used to produce glucose that is used for vine growth and metabolism. As water is diffused from the leaves, water and nutrients are drawn from the soil

Question 11

What are inflorescences?

Answer 11

A cluster of flowers on a stem, which become a bunch of grapes at fruit set. There are usually between one and three inflorescences on each shoot.

Question 12

What is a grape bunch and/or cluster?

Answer 12

A bunch of grapes are a fertilised inflorescence.

Question 13

What is a grape made up of?

Answer 13

A grape is made up of pulp, skins and seeds.

Question 14

What makes up the pulp of a grape?

Answer 14

Pulp makes up the majority of a grapes weights and volume - containing water, sugars, acids and some aroma compounds and precursors.

Question 15

What makes up the skin of a grape?

Answer 15

High concentration of aroma compounds and precursors, tannins and colour compounds.

Question 16

what makes up the seeds of a grape?

Answer 16

Seeds contain oils, tannins and the embryo, which can grow into a new plant. As seeds mature, they turn from yellow to dark brown.

Question 17

What is one-year-old wood?

Answer 17

The shoots from last years growing season that were not removed during pruning. These can either be a cane or a spur depending on how the vine is pruned.

Question 18

What is permanent wood?

Answer 18

This is the woody part of the vine that is older than one year. It includes the trunk and possibly cordons depending on how the vine is pruned and trained.

Question 19

What is the main purpose of one-year-old wood?

Answer 19

To support the compound buds that will break to release the shoots for the upcoming growing season.

Question 20

What is the main purpose of roots?

Answer 20

• Anchoring the vine in the ground
• Uptake of water and nutrients from the soils
• Storing carbohydrates and produce hormones that have an important function within vine growth and grape ripening.

Question 21

What is the main purpose of permanent wood?

Answer 21

To transports water and solutes to and from different parts of the vine, and stores carbohydrates and nutrients.

Question 22

Where are most of the vine’s roots found?

Answer 22

In the top 50cm of the soil. However, some have been found as deep as six metres.

Question 23

What influences the roots distribution system?

Answer 23

Soil properties (clay, sand, rock, etc), irrigation (dry farmed, annual rain fall, human irrigated, etc.), cultivation (how is the vine trained, spacing, density, etc) and type of rootstock.