D1 Flashcards
Head grafting/top grafting
The process of cutting the original vine at the trunk and grafting a bud from a new variety on top
Grubbing Up
The process of digging vines out the ground
Slurry
Semi liquid form of manure - organic compost
Green Manure
The term for cover crops that have been grown, mown and turned into soil to decompose and provide nutrients
Fertigation
The addition if water soluble fertiliser that’s added to an irrigation system (usually drip)
Aspersion
The reaction of water freezing and releasing energy, in this case to offer protection against frost to vines
Under Cropping
Term for when the yield of fruit is too low for the vigour of the vine
Vegetative Cycle
Year on year cycle of under cropping and excessive vigour compared to yield of fruit
Petiole
The area between the leaf stalk and stem of the vine. Where buds form
Hilling up
The process of building up soil around the vine graft to protect from winter freeze
Inversion layer
Warm zone of air 10m above ground level, 3-5 degrees warmer than ground level
Smudge Pots
Oil/propane gas heaters
Bougies
Wax Candles used for frost mitigation
Erysiphe Necator/ AKA Oidium tuckeri
The fungus that causes Powdery Mildew. Specific to grapevines with American species more resistant than Vinifera
Peronospora
The water mould that causes Downy Mildew. Lives within the vines tissue
Thiols
A category of aromas that are created during fermentation due to precursors in must. Eg 4MPP in Sauvignon Blanc
Linalool and Geraniol
A sub category of Terpenes (aromatic precursors) that contribute to Grape aromas in Muscat
Vin Methode Nature
The first recognised certification body of natural wine, based in France
Lysozyme
The enzyme that kills lactic acid bacteria, preventing MLC
Lactones
Aroma compounds derived from American oak that give aromas of coconut
Colloids
Microscopic particles too small for filtering. Removed by fining
Velcorin
The commercial name for dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), a treatment added before bottling that inactivates Brettanomyces
Sparging
The action of flushing wine with inert gas to remove dissolved oxygen
Flavour scalping
An issue with plastic closures in which the plastic absorbs some flavour molecules leading to a loss of some flavour intensity
Saran
A form of plastic with low permeability, used for the seal under screw caps
Technical Specification
A list of a wines main measurable chemical parameters
Reefers
Insulated tanks used for long distance transportation of wine
Laccase
An enzyme contributed by botrytis, capable of oxidising compounds in must and wine as relatively resistant to SO2
Aqueous solutions
A solution eg grape must in which anthocyanins are more soluble
Anaerobic metabolism
A change in whole grapes when entered into an oxygen free environment. Some sugars in the grape are converted into alcohol. “Intracellular fermentation”
Canopy
Shoots and their major structures: buds, leaves, lateral shoots, tendrils, inflorescence and grape bunches
Nodes
Little swellings along shoot where other structures are attached
Internodes
The length in-between nodes
Lignify
The process of green shoots turning woody and brown, happens in autumn
Petiole
Another name for leaf stalk
Second crop
A set of inflorescences produced from lateral shoots
Transpiration
Process of drawing water and nutrients up through the vine from the roots to the leaves
Teinturier varieties
Varieties with red coloured pulp, eg alicante bouschet
Respiration
Process where energy is released from food substances to produce sugar
Xylem
A type of transport tissue that transfers water and nutrients from roots to other parts of the vine
Lag phase
Growth slows down for a few days during veraison
Synthesis
Construction of complex chemical compounds from simpler ones
Phloem
A type of transport tissue, transports a sugar solution from leaves to other parts of the vine during ripening
E.N.S.O.
El Nino-Southern Oscillation. A climatic cycle in the Pacific with significant effect on weather.
Turgidity
A vine shoots and leaves not wilting due to available water
Mineralisation
The process in which organisms in the soil feed on organic matter and convert it into inorganic matter, a form available to the vine
Biomass
The total quantity/weight of organisms in a given area or volume of soil
I.F.O.A.M.
International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements
Dynamised
Action of stirring the contents of, in this case the cow horn, into water by creating a vortex then reversing it.
Plough pan
An impervious layer of soil that has formed from years of ploughing at the same depth
Subsoiling
The action of breaking down the plough pan before cultivation
Titration
A method of finding out the amount of substance in a solution by gradually adding measured amounts of another substance that reacts in a known way
Kloeckera and Candida
Strains of ambient yeasts
