D&D2

Question 1

Acute inflammation

Answer 1

PMNs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)

Question 2

Chronic inflammation

Answer 2

lymphocytes/ macrophages

Question 3

most injured cell type

Answer 3

epithelium

Question 4

4 basic cell types

Answer 4

epithelium (surface/internal), muscle (cardiac, smooth, skeletal), nerve (CNS, PNS), and connective (bone, joint, adipose, blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, etc)

Question 5

inflammation -ending

Answer 5

-itis

Question 6

early, commonly seen changes in injured cells

Answer 6

cell membranes (cell swelling), mitochondria (mitochondrial swelling), endoplasmaic reticulum (distended; decreased ability to make protein), nucleus (appearance)

Question 7

adaptations to injury

Answer 7

hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia

Question 8

physiologic hypertrophy

Answer 8

uterus during pregnancy

Question 9

pathologic hypertrophy

Answer 9

left ventricular hypertrophy due to hypertension

Question 10

physiologic hyperplasia

Answer 10

proliferation of glandular epithelium of female breast during puberty or pregnancy

Question 11

pathologic hyperplasia

Answer 11

endometrial hyperplasia in abnormal menstrual bleeding

Question 12

physiologic atrophy

Answer 12

loss of hormone stimulation in menopause

Question 13

pathologic atrophy

Answer 13

denervation or diminished blood supply

Question 14

metaplasia ex (2)

Answer 14

ciliated columnar epithelium of bronchus by squamous epithelium (cigarette smoke)

squamous epithelium in distal esophagus by columnar intestinal epithelium (intestinal metaplasia in Barrett’s esophagus; chronic reflux)

Question 15

necrosis

Answer 15

cell death associated with loss of membrane integrity. often following ischemia

Question 16

ischemia

Answer 16

hypoxic injury caused by compromised vascular blood flow to tissues

Question 17

apoptosis

Answer 17

programmed cell death

Question 18

adenocarcinoma

Answer 18

a malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue.

Question 19

metaplasia which carries no increased risk for cancer

Answer 19

apocrine metaplasia of the breast