Cytoxic T Cells

Question 1

What are the names of the granules inside CD8+ t cells and what does each do?

Answer 1

-perforins: bind to cell membrane of infected cells and destroy integrity
-Granzymes: go into infected cells via perforins and causes apoptosis of infected cells

Question 2

What is lymphocyte contraction?

Answer 2

When infection gone, not needed lymphocytes will undergo apoptosis

Question 3

What is the difference between primary and secondary immune response?

Answer 3

primary immune response is the adaptive immune system (takes longer to ramp up) and the secondary in the immune response done by memory cells (works quickly with less antigens)

Question 4

CTLA4

Answer 4

inhibatory regulator on T cells (in lymph nodes) that will interact with B7 (instead of the T cell’s CD28) and this causes the T cells to not expand.

Question 5

PD-1

Answer 5

inhibatory regulator on T cells (in tissue) that will interact with PD1L (instead of the T cell’s CD28) and this causes T cells to become exhausted.

Question 6

What happens if you have an antibody that binds to PD1?

Answer 6

Prevents inhibatory signals and will re-awaken exhausted CD8 t cells

Question 7

What are the 3 jobs of an activated T cells (in general)?

Answer 7

1) CD8 cells do direct killing on infected cells
2) CD4 cells will activate the immune system (EX: interacting with a macrophage and telling it to do phagocytosis on the microbe inside it)
3) CD4 cells with activate B cells inside the germinal centers of lymph nodes and cause them to create long living plasma cells and high affinity IgG and memory B cells.

Question 8

What is a checkpoint blockade?

Answer 8

using antibodies to bind to inhibatory receptors (CTLA4) or (PD1/PD1L)