Cytotoxics

Question 1

Alkylatiing agents
-examples
-MOA
-side effects

Answer 1

Cyclophosphamide - causes DNA crosslinking
-myelosuppression
-hemorrhagic cystitis
-TCC

Question 2

Cytotoxic ABx
-examples
-MOA
-side effects

Answer 2

Anthracyclines (-rubicin) - inhibits topoisomerase 2
-CARDIOMYOPATHY

Bleomycin - degrades preformed DNA
-LUNG FIBROSIS

Question 3

Antimetabolites
-examples
-MOA
-side effects

Answer 3

Methotrexate - inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
-MYELOSUPPRESSION
-mucositis
-liver fibrosis
-lung fibrosis

Fluorouracil - pyrimidine analogue
-MYELOSUPPRESSION
-mucositis
-dermatitis

6-mercaptopurine - purine analogue
-MYELOSUPPRESSION

Cytarabine - pyrimidine antagonist
-MYELOSUPPRESSION
-ataxia

Question 4

Acts on microtubules
-examples
-MOA
-side effects

Answer 4

Both inhibit MT formation
Vincristine
-peripheral neuropathy
-paralytic ileus
ALL, AML, Hodgkin

Vinblastine
-myelosuppression
Hodgkins

Docetaxel - prevent MT depolymerisation and disassembly
-neutropenia
Breast, stomach, prostate, NSCLC

Question 5

Topoisomerase inhibitors
-examples
-MOA
-side efefcts

Answer 5

Irinotecan - prevents relaxation of DNA supercoil
-MYELOSUPPRESSION
Rectal, colon

Question 6

Other cytotoxics
-examples
-MOA
-side effects
-conditiond that use this drug

Answer 6

Cisplatin - DNA crosslinking
-nephro + otoxicity
-peripheral neuropathy
-low Mg
Bladder, ovary, testes

Hydroxyurea - inhibit DNA synthesis
-MYELOSUPPRESSION
Sickle cell
CML
PV, ET

Asparaginase - breaks down asparagine, needed to make new cells
-neurotoxicity
ALL