Cytotoxic drugs

Question 1

indications for cyclophosphamide and how it works ?

Answer 1

cancer & autoimmune conditions

Question 2

side effects of cyclophosphamide ?

Answer 2

haemorrhage cystitis
myelosuppression
transitional cell carcinoma

Question 3

how is haemorrhagic cystitis prevented with use of cyclophosphamide ?

Answer 3

hydration and mesna

mesna = 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate Na

a metabolite of cyclophosphamide called acrolein is toxic to ureothelium
mesa binds to and inactivates acrelin preventing haemorrhagic cystitis

Question 4

side effects of cisplatin ?

Answer 4

ototoxicity
peripheral neuropathy
hypomagnesaemia

Question 5

side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors ?

Answer 5

side effects are inflammatory and autoimmune in nature

• dry, itchy skin and rashes
• nausea and vomiting
• decreased appetite
• diarrhoea
• tiredness and fatigue
• shortness of breath and a dry cough

Question 6

management of side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors ?

Answer 6

corticosteroids

Question 7

side effect of anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin) ?

Answer 7

cardiomyopathy

Question 8

side effect of bleomycin ?

Answer 8

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 9

side effects of methotrexate ?

Answer 9

lung fibrosis
liver fibrosis
myelosuppression
mucositis

Question 10

side effects of flourocil (F-5U) ?

Answer 10

myelosuppression
mucositis
dermatitis

Question 11

side effect of 6-mercaptopurine ?

Answer 11

myelosuppression

Question 12

side effect of cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside) ?

Answer 12

myelosuppression

ataxia

Question 13

side effects of vinblastine and vincristine ?

Answer 13

vincristine = peripheral neuropathy (reversible) & paralytic ileus 
vinblastine = myelosuppresion

Question 14

side effect of docetaxel ?

Answer 14

neutropenia

Question 15

side effect of hydroxyurea ?

Answer 15

myelosuppression

Question 16

what cytotoxic drug can cause cardiomyopathy ?

Answer 16

doxorubicin

Question 17

what cytotoxic drug can cause pulmonary fibrosis ?

Answer 17

methotrexate

bleomycin

Question 18

what cytotoxic drugs can cause peripheral neuropathy ?

Answer 18

vincristine (reversible)

cisplatin

Question 19

what cytotoxic drug can cause hypomagnaesemia?

Answer 19

cisplatin

Question 20

what cytotoxic drug can cause haemorrhagic cystitis ?

Answer 20

cyclophosphamide

Question 21

what cytotoxic drugs can cause mucositis ?

Answer 21

methotrexate

5-flourocil (5-FU)

Question 22

what cytotoxic drug can cause paralytic ileus ?

Answer 22

vincristine

Question 23

what cytotoxic drug can cause neutropenia ?

Answer 23

docetaxel