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MSRA Revision > Cytotoxic Drugs > Flashcards

Cytotoxic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating agent - causes cross-linking in DNA

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2
Q

Adverse effects of cyclophosphamide

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosuppression
Transitional cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Mechanism of action of bleomycin

A

Degrades preformed DNA

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4
Q

Adverse affects of belomycin

A

Lung fibrosis

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5
Q

Mechanism of action of anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin)

A

Stabilizes DNA-topoisomerase II complex inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

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6
Q

Adverse effects of anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin)

A

Cardiomyopathy

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7
Q

Mechanism of action of methotrexate

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis

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8
Q

Adverse effects of methotrexate

A

Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Liver fibrosis
Lung fibrosis

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9
Q

Mechanism of fluorouracil (5-FU)

A

Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apotosis by blocking thymidlate synthase

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10
Q

Adverse effects of fluorouracil (5-FU)

A

Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Dermatitis

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11
Q

Mechanism of action of 6-mercaptopurine

A

Purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis

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12
Q

Adverse effect of 6-mercaptopurine

A

Myelosuppression

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13
Q

Mechanism of action of cytarabine

A

Pyrmidine antagonist. Interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase

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14
Q

Adverse effects of cytarabine

A

Myelosuppression
Ataxia

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15
Q

Mechanism of action of vincristine/vinblastine

A

Inhibits formation of microtubules

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16
Q

Adverse effects of vincristine

A

Peripheral neuropathy (reversible)
Paralytic ileus

17
Q

Adverse effects of vinblastine

A

Myelosuppression

18
Q

Mechanism of action of docetaxel

A

Prevents microtuule depolymerisation and disassembly, decreasing free tubulin

19
Q

Adverse effects of docetaxel

A

Neutropenia

20
Q

Mechanism of action of irinotecan

A

Inhibits topoisomerase, which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA

21
Q

Adverse effects of irinotecan

A

Myelosuppression

22
Q

Mechanism of action of cisplatin

A

Causes cross-linking in DNA

23
Q

Adverse effects of cisplatin

A

Ototoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Hypomagnesaemia

24
Q

Mechanism of action of hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)

A

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis

25
Q

Adverse effects of hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)

A

Myelosuppression

26
Q
A

MSRA Revision (2 decks)

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