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Histology > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of organelles

A

Membranous - Vital function

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2
Q

Particles and inclusions of cell

A

synthesis and storage

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3
Q

Cytoskeleton general

A

support, cell motility, intracellular support

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4
Q

What makes up the cytoskeleton

A

Thin filaments (actin), Microtubules, Intermediate filaments

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5
Q

What makes up thin filaments

A

G-actin and F-actin

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6
Q

Make up of G-Actin

A

Monomeric

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7
Q

Make up of F-actin

A

polymerized, polar (plus and minus ends). About 6 nm diameter

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8
Q

Functions of thin filaments

A

Movement and transport

Structural Support

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9
Q

Movement and transport for thin filaments

A

actin motor - myosin

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10
Q

structural support for functions

A

resists deformation, transmits forces, reinforces plasma membrane

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11
Q

Descriptions of microtubules

A 
In all cells except Erythrocytes
Non branching
Hollow cylinders
20-25nm
Polymerized (alpha and beta tubulins)
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12
Q

Structure of microtubules

A

polarity and motors

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13
Q

polarity of microtubules

A

plus end and minus end

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14
Q

plus end of microtubules

A

faster polymerization and located at cell periphery

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15
Q

minus end of microtubules

A

slower polymerization and located at center of cell

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16
Q

motors of microtubules

A

Dyneins and Kinesins

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17
Q

Dyneins

A

move to the minus end

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18
Q

Kinesins

A

move to the plus end

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19
Q

Functions of microtubules

A

Organelle Movement, Mitotic Spindle, Cilia/flagella beating

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20
Q

organelle movement

A

intracellular transport

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21
Q

mitotic spindle

A

chromosome movement

22
Q

Mictrotubules: higher-order structures

A

Axoneme (cilia, flagella)

23
Q

Axoneme (cilia, flagella)

A

9 doublets of microtubules, central pair, dynein arms, structural proteins

24
Q

Centrioles structure

A

(basal bodies)

  1. Hollow cylinders
  2. 160-230nm diameter
  3. 9 triplets of microtubules
25
Centrioles movement
replicate during mitosis | migrate to the poles - organize the mitotic spindle
26
MTOC
2 centrioles - all cell except neurons and RBCs
27
Intermediate filaments
intermediate in thickness, NO polarity, NO motors
28
Major groups of intermediate filaments
Lamins, Keratins, Vimentin, Desmin, GFAP, Neurofilament protein (DGLKNV)
29
Location of Lamins
Nucleus
30
Location of Keratins
Epithelium
31
Location of Vimentin
Connective Tissue
32
Location of Desmin
Muscle
33
Location of GFAP
Glial cells
34
Location of Neurofilament
Neurons
35
Functions of intermediate filaments
1. Spread tensile forces 2. Maintain cell architecture 3. Act as a cocoon when cell is damaged 4. Anchor ion channel proteins 5. Form the nuclear lamina
36
Most common dyes
hematoxylin and eosin
37
Nucleus Tissue and Cell Staining
Purple/Blue
38
Cytoplasm Tissue and Cell Staining
Pink
39
Mitochondria Tissue and Cell Staining
Pink
40
RER/Ribosomes Tissue and Cell Staining
blue
41
Membranes, Golgi Apparatus Tissue and Cell Staining
Not stained
42
Collagen Tissue and Cell Staining
Pink
43
Glucosaminoglycans Tissue and Cell Staining
Blue
44
what particle does synthesis
ribosomes
45
G-actin formation
globular so makes big globs
46
what does plus and minus end mean
the plus end has faster polymerization than the minus end. It grows faster.
47
how are the cylinders made in microtubules
alpha and beta tubulins polymerize head to tail to make cylinders that wrap in a cynlinder formation
48
Dynein and Kinesins are both
ATPases
49
Dynein v Kinesin
Dynein is bulkier
50
purpose of motor proteins
move cargo/organelles
51
what happens if you have a mutation in axoneme proteins
huge issues in motility
52
what makes the beating of the cilium
dynein arms

Histology (3 decks)

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